dent-2201 Flashcards
xerostomia
Condition of dry mouth caused by a variety of conditions such as medications, radiation therapy to the head and neck, and salivary gland dysfunction.
immune system
a system that protects the body from foreign invaders such as pathogenic organisms.
acid
a chemical substance that contributes to the demineralization process of the tooth.
neutralize
a condition where the acid environment of the oral cavity is balanced to a more healthy level
cariogenic
a food source capable of producing caries/decay
streptococcus mutans
an organism responsible for the progression of the decay/caries process.
bolus
an organized ball created by the addition of saliva when chewing a food substance.
plaque
soft concentrated mass consisting of a large variety of bacteria held together in a gel-like matrix.
calculus
a hard tenacious mineralized mass of bacterial plaque
gingiva
the soft tissues of the oral mucosa that surround the necks of the teeth and are attached to the teeth and the alveolar bone.
alveolar bone
the hard mineralized support structure surrounding the tooth socket
gingivitis
a reversible form of oral disease characterized clinically by changes in color, gingival form, position, surface appearance and presence of bleeding.
periodontal disease
extension of gingivitis to include the surrounding support structures of the teeth including ligaments and bone. Irreversible.
Toxin
a poisonous substance of microbial origin that causes symptoms after a period of incubation.
enamel
the hard, 97% mineralized surface that covers the crown of the tooth. Normally varies in thickness with the thickest portion occurring on the occlusal surface and the thinnest portion occurring at the junction of the cementum and the enamel.
dentin
the majority of the tooth tissue that provides insulation to the pulp. Dentin is a softer tissue being 70% mineralized.
Cementum
thin layer of tissue surrounding the root structure of a tooth. Only 45% mineralized thus a fairly soft tissue. Helps connect the tooth root to the bone via the periodontal ligament.
Periodontal ligament
a fibrous CT that connects al surfaces of the tooth root to the surrounding bone. The tissue can be described as “elastic” which allows for movement of the teeth during mastication.
Pulp:
the “living” area in the center of each tooth that contains the blood and nerve supply. Connects the teeth to the rest of the body via these systems.
Colonization
the organizing of the bacterial plaque into a mass.
maturation
the aging of colonies of bacterial plaque. The older, more mature plaque being the most destructive.
chemotherapeutic
the use of chemicals or medications to provide therapy
clinical
assesses, plans, implements, evaluates treatment for prevention, intervention, or control of oral disease while working independently or in collaboration with other professionals.
research
applies scientific method to select appropriate therapies, educational methods or content; interprets and applies scientific findings in order to solve problems
administrative/managerial
utilizes data; communication objectives; applies organizational skills; identifies and manages resources; evaluates and modifies programs of health, education, or health care.
consumer advocacy
influences legislators, health agencies, and other organizations to bring existing health problems and available resources together to resolve problems and improve access to care.
educational
utilizes educational therapy and methodology to analyze health needs; develops health promotion strategies; delivers and evaluates the results in attaining or maintaining health.
change agent
analyzes barriers to change; develops mechanisms to affect change: implements processes and evaluates the success of programs that promote health for individuals, families, and communities.
change agent
analyzes barriers to change; develops mechanisms to affect change: implements processes and evaluates the success of programs that promote health for individuals, families, and communities.
pH level
a number corresponding to the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
incipient
beginning, coming into existence
implant
the procedure whereby an inert metal or plastic material or device is inserted surgically into intact tissue for prosthetic purposes.
demineralization
the excessive loss of minerals from body tissues. the level at which enamel begins demineralizing is pH 4.5-5.5; cementum pH 6.0-6.7
demineralization
the excessive loss of minerals from body tissues. the level at which enamel begins demineralizing is pH 4.5-5.5; cementum pH 6.0-6.7
abscess
localized collection of pus in a walled-off area formed by the disintegration of tissues
veneer
a layer of tooth-colored material (porcelain or composite) that is bonded or cemented to a prepared tooth surface.
remineralization
the restoration of minerals to body tissues
restorative
the treatment offered to restore a tooth surface to its original size, shape, form.
cariogenic
a food source capable of producing caries/decay.
endodontic
the procedure whereby the diseased dental pulp is removed from the tooth structure. Also known as root canal therapy.
pit and fissure
the surfaces/areas of the teeth most commonly demineralized during the decay process.
prosthetic
the procedure whereby the fit and design of a dental appliance occurs to replace or restore missing teeth.
Sjogrens syndrome
immune system disorder characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth.
systemic
ingested or taken into the body through swallowing
topical
flurried that is applied directly to the exposed surfaces of erupted teeth
fluoride toxicity
the intake of an excess dose of fluoride over a short period of time, acute; or a prolonged ingestion, chronic. An accidental ingestion of a concentrated fluoride preparation may lead to a toxic reaction and/or death
fluorosis
the hypo calcification that results from excessive systemic fluoride intake (over 2 ppm) during the development and mineralization of teeth
agent
a pathogen, bacteria, virus, or other undesirable entity necessary for the spread of infection
Hepatitis A
most benign form of the hepatitis diseases, 1/3 of population in US has had it at some time. Often spread through water or food contaminated by feces from an infected person
Host
An organism capable of “hosting” a pathogen-place where pathogen lives
HIV/AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
mode of transmission
a method in which a pathogen is transported and/or introduced to a host
TB: Tuberculosis
treatment requires a regimen of 6-12 months of oral medication. Thus, the strains of pathogens become resilient to treatment and become more difficult to control.
HBV:
Hepatitis B is a disease that causes inflammation of the liver. The severity of the illness is variable.
Universal Precautions
a method of exposure control in which all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infected with HIV, HBV, and other blood borne pathogens
Hepatitis C
a disease that causes inflammation of the liver and can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis or liver failure. Most often spread through sharing contaminated needles and sometimes sexual contact. No vaccine is available but medications are available for treatment.
ergonomic
the applied science of equipment design, as for the workplace, intended to maximize productivity be reducing operator fatigue and discomfort. In DH, the correct posture and alignment of the DH and correct positions of patient.
percutaneous
the act of passing through the intact skin.
percutaneous
the act of passing through the intact skin.
Which permanent tooth erupts into the place of the deciduous canine?
permanent canine
Tooth number 30 is
the mandibular right first molar
When describing the deciduous dentition, which of the following examples are used for identification?
Letters of the alphabet, A-T
Which surface of the tooth faces the tongue?
Lingual
Good prenatal nutrition has a positive effect on the development of the baby’s central nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system, etc. In the case of the oral dentition (baby teeth), their development begins:
approximately 3 months in utero
What is the corresponding number for the maxillary left second molar?
15
All teeth have which of the following surfaces?
mesial, distal, lingual
Which teeth are present in the permanent dentition, which are not present in the deciduous dentition?
premolars
The ______ is the portion of the tooth that is clearly visible in a healthy mouth and varies in shape and size depending on the individual tooth?
crown
The canine teeth are numbers
6, 11, 22, 27
Which of the following roles does tongue play in the mouth?
speech aid, digestion aid, swallowing aid, self-cleansing
Xerostomia may be caused by
antihistamine drugs
chemotherapy
radiation treatments
(all)
(T/F) Microorganisms in the mouth are all unhealthy and should be removed with thorough daily oral home care.
False
(T/F) A balance of healthy and unhealthy microorganisms in the oral cavity is impossible to achieve
False
An artificial “saliva substitute” can assist someone who suffers from
Xerostomia
Self-cleansing of the mouth is aided by
the tongue
saliva
drinking water after meals
(all)
What are the structures of the tongue that aid in the sense of taste?
papilla
When describing how saliva acts to affect the acid environment in the mouth, the following is true
saliva decreases the acid environment.
Which of the following are roles that saliva plays in the mouth?
lubrication, digestion, self-cleansing
The condition that occurs when there is a lack of salivary fluid in the mouth is
Xerostomia
What is the structure that allows the tooth to move slightly in the bone during mastication
periodontal ligament
signs of an active case of gingivitis could be
red tissue, increased sulcus depth, odor, soreness to touch
NSPT is the abbreviation for
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy
Systemic diseases (diabetes, AIDS) can influence periodontal disease by
lowering the body’s resistance to infection
Plaque is a substance that forms on teeth constantly. It has several characteristics in its mature formation stage. Some of these characteristics are:
soft, thick, stains with disclosing solution
Which of the following could be signs of periodontal disease?
deepening sulcus depth exposure of tooth root/s triangular shape of gingival papilla is lost mobility of teeth (all)
(T/F) Plaque is the accumulation of bacteria that forms a sticky film on the surface of the teeth. Plaque is equally destructive whether it is newly formed or very mature.
False
Several practices or conditions can increase the chances for a person to develop periodontal disease. Some of these are:
smoking
taking hormone therapy drugs
poor oral hygiene
systemic diseases
(T/F) Gingivitis is a condition that can be reversed if meticulous, daily oral home care occurs.
true
(T/F) It is possible for an individual to remove hard calculus deposits with a hard bristled toothbrush.
False
If the acid environment occurs in the mouth for approximately 20 minutes after eating a sugary food, 7 cinnamon bears eaten 1 every 20 minutes while studying will keep the oral cavity in a decay susceptible mode for how long?
2 hrs 20 min
If the acid environment occurs in the mouth for approximately 20 minutes after eating a sugary food, 7 cinnamon bears eaten 1 every 20 minutes while studying will keep the oral cavity in a decay susceptible mode for how long?
2 hrs 20 min
(T/F) The demineralization process would occur more rapidly through the dentin structure than through the enamel surface.
True
(T/F) The higher the number on the pH scale, the more acidic the environment
False
What are the characteristics of recession?
The gingiva recedes from the crown of the tooth exposing the root surface.
(T/F) Regardless of what a person eats, the demineralization/remineralization process occurs in the mouth.
True
What teeth are most often affected by Nursing Caries Syndrome?
deciduous maxillary anterior teeth
What teeth are most often affected by Nursing Caries Syndrome?
deciduous maxillary anterior teeth
Which dental specialty would involve the treatment of a root canal?
Endodontics
Which structure or part of the individual tooth would decay most rapidly?
cementum
(T/F) A person who has decreased salivary flow to the frequent use of antihistamine medications could have an increased incidence (be more likely to have) of decay.
True
What are the three required ingredients for the caries process to occur?
susceptible tooth
plaque
cariogenic food source
(T/F) There are a multitude of brands of toothpaste on today’s market shelves that do NOT contain fluoride.
False
(T/F) Fluoride is known to in all instances have only positive effects on physical and oral health.
False
The following are good examples of topical fluorides:
fluoridated toothpaste
The following is NOT a good example of a systemic fluoride source
Fluoridated toothpaste
Pit and fissure sealants will protect which surface of a tooth from demineralization?
occlusal
An accidental ingestion of a concentrated fluoride source could lead to:
fluoride toxicity
(T/F) Research has shown that fluoride in the oral cavity also has the ability to interrupt the metabolism of bacteria thus making the plaque less destructive and a decreased acid environment.
True
A 3 year old child who ingests a dentist prescribed fluoride tablet daily, drinks well water with an optimum amount of naturally occurring fluoride and enjoys the flavor of toothpaste enough to swallow each time she brushes could have
possible fluorosis of her permanent teeth.
A mild state of dental fluorosis exhibits teeth with
small white spots in the enamel surface
(T/F) Fluoridated water is beneficial to the surfaces of erupted and unerupted teeth
True
The ingredient list of your favorite breakfast cereal reads: oat flour, rice, wheat flour, bran, molasses, fruit juice concentrate, etc. This cereal would
most likely cause the decay process to begin with demineralization of the enamel surface
Which would be the better snack for a toddler?
string cheese
The following is NOT an example of a cariogenic food source
romaine lettuce
Which of the following is an example of a naturally occurring detersive food?
apples
(T/F) Chewing gum after a meal increases the production of saliva. This fact in itself would help decrease decay and it would make little difference if the gum was sugarless or not.
False
(T/F) The introduction of the “Big Gulp” or those huge number of ounces soda at convenience stores has most likely increased the incidence of dental decay in select populations.
True
(T/F) The introduction of the “Big Gulp” or those huge number of ounces soda at convenience stores has most likely increased the incidence of dental decay in select populations.
True
After eating a meal but not having the ability to use a toothbrush, which of the following would help decrease the beginning of the decay process?
rinsing with water
chewing sugarless gum
ending the meal with a piece of apple
(all)
Common foods that we know are anticariogenic are:
peanuts, cocoa products, and cheese
In relationship to the caries process, which of the following scenarios would be the least destructive?
eating 2 pieces of berry pie all at once
The following is an example of a non-cariogenic, non-nutritive, non-caloric sweetener
sorbitol
Which of the following would be productive measures to decrease the incidence of CTS for a dental hygienist?
wearing properly fitted gloves
using correct body positioning and posture during treatment
using instruments that have varying handle circumferences
varying daily schedule according to the difficulty of patient
(all)
Which of the following would be productive measures to decrease the incidence of CTS for a dental hygienist?
wearing properly fitted gloves
using correct body positioning and posture during treatment
using instruments that have varying handle circumferences
varying daily schedule according to the difficulty of patient
(all)
Musculoskeletal disorders common to dental professionals can result from
improper patient positioning incorrect body alignment of dental professional repetitive movements vibration (all)
Musculoskeletal disorders common to dental professionals can result from
improper patient positioning incorrect body alignment of dental professional repetitive movements vibration (all)
Which of the following requirements are necessary for an infection to occur?
agent
host
mode of transmission
ergonomics in dentistry refers to
correct positioning of the dental professional during treatment of a patient
(T/F) A latex allergy can NOT occur by just inhaling the latex protein that is airborne during putting on or taking off of latex gloves.
False
The carpal tunnel of the wrist is formed by the eight wrist bones and the transverse carpal ligament. What passes through this tunnel and becomes inflamed resulting in CTS?
median nerve
In addition to incorrect movement or position of the wrist during dental hygiene treatment, CTS tendencies may be influenced by:
arthritis, diabetes, previous hand sprains,
pregnancy, thyroid imbalance
obesity, kidney failure
(all)
What is an example of a percutaneous injury?
a needle stick
someone who had frequent surgeries as a child, is allergic to kiwi and avocado, and has allergies to all household pets could be at risk for
latex allergy
Which of the following are federal agencies responsible for establishing standards to protect health care employees?
OSHA, CDC
