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Physics > Density and Pressure > Flashcards

Density and Pressure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the formula for

density?

A

density = mass / volume

p = m / v

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2
Q

What is density measured in?

A

grams per centimetre cubed (g/cm^3) or kilograms per metre cubed (kg/m^3)

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3
Q

How can you measure an object’s

mass?

A

using a mass balance

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4
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

kilograms (kg) or grams (g)

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5
Q

How can you measure the volume of a regularly shaped object?

A

volume = width x height x length

v = a x b x c

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6
Q

How can you measure the volume of an irregularly shaped object?

A

by submerging the object in water and finding how much water it displaces

(volume of object = volume 2 - volume 1)

(aka the displacement method)

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7
Q

What is volume measured in?

A

m^3

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8
Q

How woul you carry out the

displacement method?

A

Take a known volume of water in a measuring cylinder and fully submerge the object. The change in volume is your object’s volume.

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9
Q

What is the formula for

pressure?

A

pressure = force / area

P = F / A

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10
Q

What is area measured in?

A

m^2

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11
Q

What is a

fluid?

A

a solid or a gas

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12
Q

What is the formula for

pressure due to a liquid?

A

pressure = density x gravitational field strength x height

P = Pgh

to find the total pressure exerted by a fluid you need to add on atmospheric pressure

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13
Q

What is pressure measured in?

A

Pascals (Pa) or Newtons per meter squared (N/m^2)

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14
Q

What is height measured in?

A

metres (m)

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15
Q

What is

Archimedes principle?

A

An object in a fluid is subject to an upward force that is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. This force is called upthrust. This force reduces the apparent weight of the object because the resultant force acting on it is lower.

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16
Q

What is the formula for

weight?

(Archimedes principle)

A

weight = volume x density x gravity

W = vpg

(vogue)

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17
Q

How do you calculate

apparent weight?

(Archimedes principle)

A

apparent weight = object weight - upthrust

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18
Q

What is the formula for

the volume of a sphere?

A

v = 4πr^3 / 3

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19
Q

What is the formula for

pressure due to gas?

(U-tube manometer)

A

pressure due to gas = pressure due to column of liquid + atmospheric pressure

20
Q

What is the formula for

pressure due to a column of liquid?

A

pressure = density x gravitational field strength x height

P = pgh

21
Q

(more to read and understand rather than anything else)

Explain how pumping water into and out of the buoyancy tank of a submarine affects the depth of the submarine below the surface.

[6]

A

Due to Archimedes principle, the amount of upthrust on the submarine will not change when water is added/removed from the tank because the amount of liquid displaced by the submarine stays the same because the submarine’s volume stays the same. So, as more water is added to the tank, the submarine’s weight will increase and may overcome the force of upthrust. This would lead the submarine to sink (and vice versa). If the water is pumped out of the tank, the amount of upthrust will overcome the submarine’s weight and the submarine will rise to the surface of the water. This concept applies across varying degrees.

[6]

all written by me I’d like to mention

22
Q

What is the general shape of a

solid?

A

regular, fixed, holds shape

23
Q

What is the general shape of a

liquid?

A

fluid, can change, fills bottom of container

24
Q

What is the general shape of a

gas?

A

fills container

25
Q

Can a solid be compressed?

A

no

(volume stays the same)

26
Q

Can a liquid be compressed?

A

no

(volume stays the same)

27
Q

Can a gas be compressed?

A

yes

(volume can change)

28
Q

What is the general packing of atoms or molecules in a

solid?

A

densely packed, arranged, vibrating

29
Q

What is the general packing of atoms or molecules in a

liquid?

A

relatively dense, molecules slide over each other

30
Q

What is the general packing of atoms or molecules in a

gas?

A

not very dense, molecules move freely

31
Q

What are the general strength of forces in a

solid?

A

strong forces of attraction

32
Q

What are the general strength of forces in a

liquid?

A

relatively strong forces of attraction

33
Q

What are the general strength of forces in a

gas?

A

weak forces of attraction

34
Q

What is some evidence supporting

kinetic theory?

A
  • crystals and crystal structure
  • images from microscopes
  • diffusion of gases
  • brownian motion
35
Q

Define

brownian motion.

A

the random motion of particles in suspension

36
Q

Why do air molecules move

rapidly and randomly in all directions?

A

because they are being bombarded by other air molecules from all sides

37
Q

Using the continuous movement of particles in a gas,

explain why gases exert a pressure?

A
  1. Gas particles are in constant random motion.
  2. The particles collide with the walls of their container, which changes their dircetion.
  3. A change in direction requires a force to have been exerted on them by the container.
  4. This means the particles exert and equal and opposite force on the container
  5. These forces over an area exert a pressure.

The net force caused by gas pressure is always perpendicular to the surface of the container.

38
Q

What is

Boyle’s law?

A

p1v1 = p2v2

1 and 2 refer to the gas in two different situations

39
Q

What is necessary for

Boyle’s law?

A

constant temperature

40
Q

What is the

pressure law?

A

If we increase the temperature of a fixed volume of a gas we increase the pressure.

41
Q

What is the atmospheric pressure at the ground?

A

roughly 1 x 10^5 Pa

42
Q

What happens to air pressure as height changes?

A

as you increase in height there is less air above you, which means the air pressure decreases

(and vice versa)

43
Q

What is 0K in °C?

A

-273°C

44
Q

What is

absolute zero?

A

where the particles have no kinetic energy and so are not moving and exert no pressure

45
Q

Define

work.

A

the transfer of energy by a force

Physics (5 decks)

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