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Human Microbial Diseases Block 2 > Dengue and Hepatitis C Disease > Flashcards

Dengue and Hepatitis C Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What was the first Flaviviridae virus discovered?

A

Yellow fever virus

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2
Q

What did yellow fever prevent being built?

A

The panama canal

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3
Q

What is yellow fever transmitted by?

A

Mosquitoes

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4
Q

What is the genus of dengue?

A

Flavivirus

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5
Q

What are the serotypes of dengue?

A
  • DENV-1
  • DENV-2
  • DENV-3
  • DENV-4
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6
Q

What tropism does dengue have?

A

Immune cells but can also infect hepatocytes and endothelial cells

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7
Q

What mosquitoes transmit dengue?

A
  • Aedes aegypti

- Aedes albopictus

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8
Q

Is there human to human transmission in dengue?

A

No

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of dengue?

A
  • “Breakbone fever”
  • High fever
  • Severe headache
  • Joint pain, muscle and bone pain
  • Severe pain behind the eye
  • Rash and mild bleeding
  • Symptoms are primarily caused by interferon system
  • 1-7 days acute disease
  • 7-10 days in bed - no work/school
  • 4-6 weeks major fatigue
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10
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for dengue haemorrhagic fever / dengue shock syndrom?

A

Sequential infection with different serotypes

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11
Q

What genus does HCV belong to?

A

Hepacivirus

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12
Q

What tropism does HCV have?

A

Hepatocytes

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13
Q

How is HCV transmitted?

A
  • Sharing injecting equipment
  • Contaminated blood transfusions and organ transplants
  • Unprotected sex
  • From mother to baby
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14
Q

What type of infection leads to HCV disease?

A

Chronic infection

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15
Q

What are the HCV acute infection symptoms?

A
  • Asymptomatic in 80% of cases
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Decreased appetite
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Dark urine
  • Grey faeces
  • Joint pain
  • Jaundice
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16
Q

What causes the general symptoms of HCV?

A

The interferon system

17
Q

What causes the specific symptoms of HCV?

A

The liver failing

18
Q

What percentage of HCV cases progress to chronic infection?

A

75-85%

19
Q

What does chronic hepatitis cause?

A
  • Chronic immune responses in the liver

- Contributes to fibrosis and scarring

20
Q

How long does it take to develop cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis?

A

20-25 years

21
Q

What percentage of patients develop cirrhosis from HCV?

A

20-30%

22
Q

How long does it take for HCV patients to develop severe liver disease?

A

25-30 years

23
Q

What percentage of HCV patients develop severe liver disease?

A

2-7% of people per year

24
Q

What severe liver disease can HCV cause?

A
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma

- End-stage liver disease

25
Q

What is the primary reason for progression to chronic infection with HCV?

A

Patients don’t mount an effective antibody response

26
Q

What biomarker is used to indicate liver damage?

A

Transaminases

Human Microbial Diseases Block 2 (10 decks)

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