Dengue and Hepatitis C Disease Flashcards
What was the first Flaviviridae virus discovered?
Yellow fever virus
What did yellow fever prevent being built?
The panama canal
What is yellow fever transmitted by?
Mosquitoes
What is the genus of dengue?
Flavivirus
What are the serotypes of dengue?
- DENV-1
- DENV-2
- DENV-3
- DENV-4
What tropism does dengue have?
Immune cells but can also infect hepatocytes and endothelial cells
What mosquitoes transmit dengue?
- Aedes aegypti
- Aedes albopictus
Is there human to human transmission in dengue?
No
What are the symptoms of dengue?
- “Breakbone fever”
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Joint pain, muscle and bone pain
- Severe pain behind the eye
- Rash and mild bleeding
- Symptoms are primarily caused by interferon system
- 1-7 days acute disease
- 7-10 days in bed - no work/school
- 4-6 weeks major fatigue
What is the biggest risk factor for dengue haemorrhagic fever / dengue shock syndrom?
Sequential infection with different serotypes
What genus does HCV belong to?
Hepacivirus
What tropism does HCV have?
Hepatocytes
How is HCV transmitted?
- Sharing injecting equipment
- Contaminated blood transfusions and organ transplants
- Unprotected sex
- From mother to baby
What type of infection leads to HCV disease?
Chronic infection
What are the HCV acute infection symptoms?
- Asymptomatic in 80% of cases
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Decreased appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Dark urine
- Grey faeces
- Joint pain
- Jaundice
What causes the general symptoms of HCV?
The interferon system
What causes the specific symptoms of HCV?
The liver failing
What percentage of HCV cases progress to chronic infection?
75-85%
What does chronic hepatitis cause?
- Chronic immune responses in the liver
- Contributes to fibrosis and scarring
How long does it take to develop cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis?
20-25 years
What percentage of patients develop cirrhosis from HCV?
20-30%
How long does it take for HCV patients to develop severe liver disease?
25-30 years
What percentage of HCV patients develop severe liver disease?
2-7% of people per year
What severe liver disease can HCV cause?
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- End-stage liver disease
What is the primary reason for progression to chronic infection with HCV?
Patients don’t mount an effective antibody response
What biomarker is used to indicate liver damage?
Transaminases
