Dengue and Hepatitis C Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What was the first Flaviviridae virus discovered?

A

Yellow fever virus

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2
Q

What did yellow fever prevent being built?

A

The panama canal

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3
Q

What is yellow fever transmitted by?

A

Mosquitoes

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4
Q

What is the genus of dengue?

A

Flavivirus

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5
Q

What are the serotypes of dengue?

A
  • DENV-1
  • DENV-2
  • DENV-3
  • DENV-4
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6
Q

What tropism does dengue have?

A

Immune cells but can also infect hepatocytes and endothelial cells

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7
Q

What mosquitoes transmit dengue?

A
  • Aedes aegypti

- Aedes albopictus

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8
Q

Is there human to human transmission in dengue?

A

No

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of dengue?

A
  • “Breakbone fever”
  • High fever
  • Severe headache
  • Joint pain, muscle and bone pain
  • Severe pain behind the eye
  • Rash and mild bleeding
  • Symptoms are primarily caused by interferon system
  • 1-7 days acute disease
  • 7-10 days in bed - no work/school
  • 4-6 weeks major fatigue
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10
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for dengue haemorrhagic fever / dengue shock syndrom?

A

Sequential infection with different serotypes

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11
Q

What genus does HCV belong to?

A

Hepacivirus

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12
Q

What tropism does HCV have?

A

Hepatocytes

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13
Q

How is HCV transmitted?

A
  • Sharing injecting equipment
  • Contaminated blood transfusions and organ transplants
  • Unprotected sex
  • From mother to baby
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14
Q

What type of infection leads to HCV disease?

A

Chronic infection

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15
Q

What are the HCV acute infection symptoms?

A
  • Asymptomatic in 80% of cases
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Decreased appetite
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Dark urine
  • Grey faeces
  • Joint pain
  • Jaundice
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16
Q

What causes the general symptoms of HCV?

A

The interferon system

17
Q

What causes the specific symptoms of HCV?

A

The liver failing

18
Q

What percentage of HCV cases progress to chronic infection?

19
Q

What does chronic hepatitis cause?

A
  • Chronic immune responses in the liver

- Contributes to fibrosis and scarring

20
Q

How long does it take to develop cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis?

A

20-25 years

21
Q

What percentage of patients develop cirrhosis from HCV?

22
Q

How long does it take for HCV patients to develop severe liver disease?

A

25-30 years

23
Q

What percentage of HCV patients develop severe liver disease?

A

2-7% of people per year

24
Q

What severe liver disease can HCV cause?

A
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma

- End-stage liver disease

25
What is the primary reason for progression to chronic infection with HCV?
Patients don't mount an effective antibody response
26
What biomarker is used to indicate liver damage?
Transaminases