Dendrochronology Principles Flashcards
dendrochronology
“tree-time-knowledge”
In practice, it is the use of tree-rings to determine the timing of events in the past
how did Theophrastus contribute to dendrochronology?
He recognized and wrote that tree rings were annual features that he could see in trees
how did Leonardo DaVinci contribute to dendrochronology?
He recognized that the tree-rings in trees were wider in wet years as oppose to dry years.
how did A.E. Douglass contribute to dendrochronology?
He noticed that the pattern of narrow and wide tree-ring widths had the same pattern as the stump of the trees that were cut down years prior
dendro-archaeology
the use of tree rings to date prehistoric artifacts
art-dendroarcheology
the use of tree rings to date frames of paintings, and musical instruments for authenticity
dendro-geomorphology
tree rings used to date slope movement and volcanic eruptions
dendro-ecology
the use of tree rings to date ecological events such as forest fires and tree age
what is the vascular cambium also called
lateral meristem
what is the lateral maristem
it is a sheath of cells that covers all the woody parts of the whole tree.
where is the lateral meristem located
right under the bark
what does the lateral maristem divide
xylem cells on the inside and phloem cells outside
what is the function of the xylem
the xylem transports water from the soil upwards and out to the leaves
what is the function of the phloem
the phloem transports photosynthate from the leaves inward and down to all living parts of the tree
what is photosynthate
a sugar created by photosynthesis
earlywood
xylem cells that form early in the growth season; the cells are large-sized and thin-walled
latewood
xylem cells that form later in the season; the cells are smaller-sized and thicker walled
which is more rot-resistant earlywood or latewood?
latewood
large cells of latewood allows…
easy transport of abundant spring soil moisture
small cells of earlywood enchances…
transport of the minimal summer soil moisture
where is the oldest-growth ring located
in the center of the tree
where is the most recent tree ring located in the tree
just under the bark
in what areas are annual growth rings common and uncommon in trees
in temperate areas, in tropical areas
what causes annual growth rings to occur
when there is a strong and predictable seasonality that leads there to be one growth season and one dormant season
what does narrow growth rings indicated
low moisture
what events would have to take place to create a mutli-annual ring
it would form if th tree experiences the same weather everyday, but the ring would form if a drought or flood occurs
what are the three forms of annual rings
aporous, ring-porous, diffuse porous
characteristics of aporous rings
has xylem of tracheids, (EW large cells, thin walls) (LW small cell, thick walls).
- ONLY needle-leaf trees have aporous rings
(ex: Spruce Trees)
characteristics of ring-porous
xylem is made of vessels
(EW: very large vessels)
(LW: very small vessels)
only decidous trees have ring porous rings - ex: Oak trees
characteristics of diffuse porous
xylem is made of vessels
only deciduous trees have ring-porous rings (Maple Trees, they have multiple)
rank the type or rings from the easiest to the hardest to see and measure
- aporous - easiest
- ring porous
- diffuse porous - hardest
