Dendrochronology Principles Flashcards

1
Q

dendrochronology

A

“tree-time-knowledge”

In practice, it is the use of tree-rings to determine the timing of events in the past

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2
Q

how did Theophrastus contribute to dendrochronology?

A

He recognized and wrote that tree rings were annual features that he could see in trees

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3
Q

how did Leonardo DaVinci contribute to dendrochronology?

A

He recognized that the tree-rings in trees were wider in wet years as oppose to dry years.

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4
Q

how did A.E. Douglass contribute to dendrochronology?

A

He noticed that the pattern of narrow and wide tree-ring widths had the same pattern as the stump of the trees that were cut down years prior

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5
Q

dendro-archaeology

A

the use of tree rings to date prehistoric artifacts

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6
Q

art-dendroarcheology

A

the use of tree rings to date frames of paintings, and musical instruments for authenticity

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7
Q

dendro-geomorphology

A

tree rings used to date slope movement and volcanic eruptions

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8
Q

dendro-ecology

A

the use of tree rings to date ecological events such as forest fires and tree age

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9
Q

what is the vascular cambium also called

A

lateral meristem

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10
Q

what is the lateral maristem

A

it is a sheath of cells that covers all the woody parts of the whole tree.

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11
Q

where is the lateral meristem located

A

right under the bark

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12
Q

what does the lateral maristem divide

A

xylem cells on the inside and phloem cells outside

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13
Q

what is the function of the xylem

A

the xylem transports water from the soil upwards and out to the leaves

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14
Q

what is the function of the phloem

A

the phloem transports photosynthate from the leaves inward and down to all living parts of the tree

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15
Q

what is photosynthate

A

a sugar created by photosynthesis

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16
Q

earlywood

A

xylem cells that form early in the growth season; the cells are large-sized and thin-walled

17
Q

latewood

A

xylem cells that form later in the season; the cells are smaller-sized and thicker walled

18
Q

which is more rot-resistant earlywood or latewood?

19
Q

large cells of latewood allows…

A

easy transport of abundant spring soil moisture

20
Q

small cells of earlywood enchances…

A

transport of the minimal summer soil moisture

21
Q

where is the oldest-growth ring located

A

in the center of the tree

22
Q

where is the most recent tree ring located in the tree

A

just under the bark

23
Q

in what areas are annual growth rings common and uncommon in trees

A

in temperate areas, in tropical areas

24
Q

what causes annual growth rings to occur

A

when there is a strong and predictable seasonality that leads there to be one growth season and one dormant season

25
what does narrow growth rings indicated
low moisture
26
what events would have to take place to create a mutli-annual ring
it would form if th tree experiences the same weather everyday, but the ring would form if a drought or flood occurs
27
what are the three forms of annual rings
aporous, ring-porous, diffuse porous
28
characteristics of aporous rings
has xylem of tracheids, (EW large cells, thin walls) (LW small cell, thick walls). - ONLY needle-leaf trees have aporous rings (ex: Spruce Trees)
29
characteristics of ring-porous
xylem is made of vessels (EW: very large vessels) (LW: very small vessels) only decidous trees have ring porous rings - ex: Oak trees
30
characteristics of diffuse porous
xylem is made of vessels | only deciduous trees have ring-porous rings (Maple Trees, they have multiple)
31
rank the type or rings from the easiest to the hardest to see and measure
1. aporous - easiest 2. ring porous 3. diffuse porous - hardest