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Dental public health > Denal public health > Flashcards

Denal public health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 social determinants of health

A

Income and social status
Social support networks
Education and literacy
Cultural environments
Employment and working conditions
Physical environment

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2
Q

Define heath inequalities

A

Difference in health status or in distribution of health determinants between different population groups

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3
Q

Define heath inequity

A

Differences in health status due to differences in access to health care or ability to take up care

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4
Q

What is the DMFT dental index

A

Decayed
Missing
Filled
Teeth

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5
Q

What is the CPITN index?

A

Community periodontal index of treatment need

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6
Q

What is the IOTN index

A

Index of orthodontic treatment needed

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7
Q

What is the DDE index

A

Developmental defects in enamel

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8
Q

WHO 3 pillars of health promotion

A

Good governance
Healthy cities
Health literacy

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9
Q

Ottawa charter 5 actions for health promotion

A

Create supportive environments
Build healthy public policy
Strengthen community action
Develop personal skills
Re-orient health services

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10
Q

4 approaches to health improvement

A

High risk individual approach
Whole population approach
Targeted population approach
Proportionate universalism

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11
Q

6 strategies for preventing dental caries

A

Fluoride toothpastes
Water fluoridation
Fluoride varnishes
Fluoride mouth rinses
Fissure sealants
Fluoridated milk

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12
Q

7 NHS principles

A

NHS provides a comprehensive service available to all

Access to services is based on clinical need, not an individuals ability to pay

NHS aspires to the highest standards of excellence and professionalism

The patient will be at the heart of everything the NHS does

The NHS works across organisational boundaries

The NHS is committed to providing best value for taxpayers money

The NHS is accountable to the public, communities and patients it serves

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13
Q

3 systems to pay dentists

A

Fee per item
Capitation
Salary

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14
Q

4 barriers to attending for dental care

A

Financial
Psychological
Physical access
Attitudinal

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15
Q

3 types of communities requiring dental specialism

A

Special care dentistry
Prison dentistry
Armed forces dentistry

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16
Q

3 models of health behaviour

A

The theory of planned behaviour
The health belief model
Stages of change model

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17
Q

5 stages of stages of change model

A

Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance

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18
Q

2 models of stress

A

Stimulus model of stress
Transactional model of stress

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19
Q

3 cases for interpreters

A

Ethical case
Business case
Legal case

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20
Q

3 reasons why patients don’t adhere to a dentists advice

A

Patients may believe it may restrict their normal daily routine

Patients may not see the potential benefits for their future oral health by taking these actions

Patients may be unable to recall the advice given to them by the dentist

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21
Q

4 ways in which recall of information could be improved

A

Give the most important information first and last
Use written information that patients can take away with them
Provide frequent summaries
Ask the patient to summarise the advice you have given them back to you

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22
Q

5 factors related to non-adherence

A

Social and economic
Health care system
Condition related
Therapy related
Patient related

23
Q

What is inverse care law

A

Principle that the availabily of good medical or social care tends to vary inversely with the need of the population served

24
Q

3 demographic factors that significantly affect life expectancy

A

Sex
Race
Present age

25
Q

Define prevalence and incidence in relation to disease measurement

A

Prevalence describes the proportion of people with a disease at any given point or period
Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease that occur in a specified period of time

26
Q

WHO definition of health

A

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

27
Q

What are crude rates

A

Rates computed for an entire population

28
Q

What are specific rates

A

Rates computed for a sub-group of the population

29
Q

What is birth rate

A

Number of live births per 1000 population in a given year

30
Q

What is fertility rate

A

Number of live births per 1000 women aged 15 - 49 in a given year

31
Q

What is death rate

A

Number of deaths per 1000 population in that population in a given year

32
Q

What is infant mortality rate

A

Number of deaths in infants under 1 per 1000 live births in a given year

33
Q

What is incidence rate

A

Number of new cases within within a defined period of time related to the number at risk at that same point in time

34
Q

What is point prevalence rate

A

Number of cases existing at a defined point in time related to the number at risk at the same point in time

35
Q

What is period prevalence rate

A

The number of cases existing at any time during a defined period related to the average number at risk during the period

36
Q

What is life expectancy

A

An estimate of the average number of additional years a person could expected to live

37
Q

What is Ho

A

Null hypothesis

38
Q

What is Ha

A

Alternative hypothesis

39
Q

What is a type l error

A

If Ho is rejected when it is actually true

40
Q

What is a type ll error

A

If Ho is not rejected when it is infact false

41
Q

Bradshaw’s taxonomy for defining need for health care

A

Normative needs: defined by health professionals, based on an assessment against a set of criteria

Felt needs: those that people perceive as being important, subjective

Expressed needs: arise from felt needs that are expressed in words or action

Comparative needs: when an individual or a group is compared to another individual of group and is considered lacking services or resources

42
Q

What is meant by impairment

A

Any loss or abnormality of psychological, psychological, anatomical function

43
Q

What is meant by disability

A

Restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity within a manner/ range considered normal for a human being

44
Q

What is meant by a handicap

A

A disadvantage for a given individual resulting from an impairment or a disability that prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal

45
Q

What is a commonly used measure of oral health related quality of life

A

Oral health impact profile

46
Q

2 theories of pain

A

Gate control theory
Neuromatrix theory

47
Q

4 components of malocclusion related qualify of life questionnaire

A

Dental self-confidence
Social impact
Physiological impact
Aesthetic concern

48
Q

2 strategies for caries prevention in children

A

Focus groups in primary schools
Motivational interviewing eg. Brief negotiational interview

49
Q

Ask me 3

A

What is my main problem
What do I need to do
Why is it important for me to do this

50
Q

When do we use problem based coping

A

When we feel we have control of the situation, thus can manage the source of the problem

51
Q

When do we use emotional based coping

A

When we feel we have little control over the situation

52
Q

4 areas of patients perception in health belief model

A

Severity of a potential illness

Person’s susceptibility to that illness

Benefits of taking a preventative action

Barriers to taking that action

53
Q

7 components oral health impact profile (OHIP14)

A

Functional limitation
Physical pain
Psychological discomfort
Physical disability
Psychlogical disability
Social disability
Handicap

54
Q

6 non social determinants of health

A

Genetics
Early childhood development
Age
Gender
Health services
Health behaviour

Dental public health (1 decks)

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