Demography Key Terms Flashcards
Developed country
A country with a highly developed economy, infrastructure and high living standards
Demography
The study of population
Numbers, trends, distribution and issues
Developing country
A country with a less sophisticated economy and lower standards of living, many have extensive poverty
Birth rate/death rates
Per 1000 in a given year
Immigration/emigration rate
New arrivals/people leaving
In a given year
Per 1000
Natural increase
The rate at which a population increases or decreases in a year expressed as a percentage of the total populations
NI = birth rate - death rate
Exponential rate
A rapid rate of population growth as each population doubles in size
Rule of 70
The time it takes a country to double its population
70/growth rate
Net migration
Immigration rate - emigration rate
Population growth rate
The rate at which a country’s population changes per year, %
natural increase + net migration
Life expectancy
The average number of years an individual is expected to live
Doubling time
The number of years it takes a country to double its population at its current growth rate
Infant mortality rate
The number of infants (up to one year) who die
Demographic transition model
A model that shows changes in a populations birth and death rates and growth based on technological development
Mortality
Deaths in a population
Family planning
The concept of limiting the size of families
Total fertility rate
The average number of children born over the lifetime of a womann in a particular country
One child policy
A policy adopted by China to control population growth
Population pyramid
A bar graph that shows M & F populations back to back at age intervals of 5 years
Age cohort
An age group in a population
Dependency ratio
The proportion of the population (children and those over 65 years of age) that is being supported by the working age group
Population distribution
The pattern of where people live in an area
Population density
The number of people living in a given area, calculated by pop/area
Nutritional density
A measure of how much nutrition in calories can be produced from a certain area
Fertile soil + adequate temp = high ND
Carrying capacity
The largest population that an environment can support
