demography Flashcards
what was the population of the uk in 1801
10.5 mill
what is the population of the uk today
65 mill
when did the 3 baby booms take place
2 took place after the world wars, returning servicemen came home to resume their families
the last one took place in the 1960s
how has a change in womens position led to a decline in birth rate
- women are now equal to men - (right to vote)
- increased educational opportunity
- more women in paid work
- divorce = easier to obtain
why does harper argue increased educational opportunity is the main reason for the decline in birth rate
more educational opportunity has changed the mindset of women - they see more to life than ‘having a child’ and career opportunities are now a priority.
how many women aged 45 in 2012 had no child?
1/5
how does the decline in infant mortality lead to a decline in the birth rate
children are more likely to survive, meaning theres no reason for them to be replaced,
how has the infant mortality rate changed from 1900 to 2012
1900-154
2012-4
why did the infant mortality rate decline?
improved housing and better sanitation, better nutrition, better knowledge of hygiene, improved services for women and children (antenatal/postnatal clinics)
what four factors affect a country’s population
birth, death, immigration, emigration
net migration
more immigration than emigration
natural change
more births than deaths
infant mortality rate
the number of infants who die before their first birthday /thousand babies born alive yearly.
birth rate
the number of live births per thousand of the population per year.
total fertility rate
the no of children a woman will have during her fertile years
1960s-2.95 vs 2001-1.63
