demography Flashcards
what was the population of the uk in 1801
10.5 mill
what is the population of the uk today
65 mill
when did the 3 baby booms take place
2 took place after the world wars, returning servicemen came home to resume their families
the last one took place in the 1960s
how has a change in womens position led to a decline in birth rate
- women are now equal to men - (right to vote)
- increased educational opportunity
- more women in paid work
- divorce = easier to obtain
why does harper argue increased educational opportunity is the main reason for the decline in birth rate
more educational opportunity has changed the mindset of women - they see more to life than ‘having a child’ and career opportunities are now a priority.
how many women aged 45 in 2012 had no child?
1/5
how does the decline in infant mortality lead to a decline in the birth rate
children are more likely to survive, meaning theres no reason for them to be replaced,
how has the infant mortality rate changed from 1900 to 2012
1900-154
2012-4
why did the infant mortality rate decline?
improved housing and better sanitation, better nutrition, better knowledge of hygiene, improved services for women and children (antenatal/postnatal clinics)
what four factors affect a country’s population
birth, death, immigration, emigration
net migration
more immigration than emigration
natural change
more births than deaths
infant mortality rate
the number of infants who die before their first birthday /thousand babies born alive yearly.
birth rate
the number of live births per thousand of the population per year.
total fertility rate
the no of children a woman will have during her fertile years
1960s-2.95 vs 2001-1.63
dependency ratio
the relationship between the size of the working population and the size of the non working population
death rate
number of deaths per thousand of the population
1900-19
2012-8.9 … almost halved
life expectancy
how long on average a person born in a given year can expect to live.
1900-50 years
2013-90.7 years
ageism
socially constructed age statuses
immigration
movement into society
emigration
movement out of society
structured dependency
the force in which you are dependent on the state.
citizens
have full citizenship rights - since the 1970s the uk gbt has made it harder to aquire these rights
denizens
priviledged foreign nationals welcomed by the state - billionaire ogliarchs / highly paid employees of multi national companies
helots / ‘slaves’
most exploited group. ‘disposable units of labour power’ - reserve army of labour. unskilled, poorly paid work.
how many nurses in the uk are migrants (Shutes)
40%
assimilation
policy aimed to encourage immigrants to adopt the language, values and customs of the host culture to make them ‘like us’.
