Demography Flashcards
Definition of birth rate
Number of live births per 1000 of the population per year
Death rates fall > life expectancy increases
:)
Dependancy ratio
Old people > pension > burden on working population
Ageing population
Why
Increased life expectancy
Declining IMR - no early deaths
Declining fertility - fewer young produced compared to old people
Immigration
Moving into an area
Emigration
Moving out
Net migration
Difference between numbers immigrating and the number of people emigrating
Either a net increase or net decrease
Push/ pull factors
Higher wages
Better opportunities abroad
Weather
Policy implications - hirsch
Hirsch says Social policies will need to change
Either pay more tax when working or work longer
Decline in birth rate, why ?
Children are an economic liability
Changing norms: more materialistic items > less money >less larger families
Decline in IMR WHY??
Death of babies before 1st bday!
Better nutrition
Better healthcare
Improved sanitation and housing
Improved services - clinics
Child centerdness - another reason for fall in birth rate
Quality now instead of quantity
Childhood = socially constructed
Changes in women’s position = fall In birth rate
Contraception and abortion
Easy access to divorce
More career opportunities
Reasons for decline in deaths - less deaths
Improved nutrition - mckeown
Public health measures and environmental improvements - reduced air pollution
Clean air act - no smog
Medical improvements - NHS
