Demography Flashcards
What is the birth rate?
Live births per thousand per year
What were the three baby booms during the 20th century?
After world wars and during the 60s
What determines the total fertility rate?
Proportion of women at childbearing age and their fertility
What factors contribute to the decline in the birth rate?
Social, economic, legal equality, opportunities, changing attitudes, easier divorce, legal abortion
What is the relationship between infant mortality rate (IMR) and birth rates?
If infants survive, parents have fewer children
What is child centredness?
Quality over quantity in child-rearing
What effect does increased immigration have on birth rates?
Increased birth rate
What are some effects of changes in fertility rates?
Smaller families, more women in work, reduced dependency ratio, aging population
What is the death rate?
Deaths per 1000 per year
What are some reasons for the decline in the death rate?
Decreased deaths from infectious diseases, improved nutrition, medical advancements, public health measures
What is ‘radical longevity’ as mentioned by Harper?
Increased life expectancy due to declining IMR
What are the effects of an aging population?
Increased demand for public services, changes to policy, more one-person pensioner households
What does the dependency ratio indicate?
The economic dependency of the elderly on workers
What is ageism?
Discrimination based on age, particularly against the elderly
How does modern society view old age?
Ageism creates structured dependency and exclusion from paid work
What do postmodernists believe about identity and aging?
Greater choice of lifestyle and identity based on consumption
What is the feminization of later life?
More elderly women living alone due to longer life expectancy
What factors affect life expectancy?
Class, gender, and region
What are push and pull factors in emigration?
Push: recession/unemployment; Pull: higher wages
True or False: Most migration in the UK was emigration until the immigration acts in 1962-1990.
True
What is the impact of class on the elderly?
Class may prevent some elderly from changing identity through consumption
Fill in the blank: Education is the most important reason for long-term falling _______.
birth rates
What is the implication of policies regarding the elderly?
Financial implications for public services and support
