Demography Flashcards
What are the phases of the Demographic Transition Model? (DTM)
Phase 1: pre Industrial. High birth and death rates
Phase 2. Transitional. Death rates decrease because of advances in healthcare. Birth rate stays the same, population grows
Phase 3. Industrial. Birth rates decline, population declines slowly
Phase 4. Post industrial. Both birth and death rates are low, populations remains the same or declines
Phase 5. Possible decline. Birth rates are lower than death rates
What does demography mean?
The study of population including size, age, location, and trends
Carrying capacity meaning
The maximum population size that a location can sustain
Population policies
Rules implemented by the government to increase or decrease population growth
Some causes of overpopulation
High birth rates
Decreased mortality rates
Migration
Poor education systems
Impacts of overpopulation
Resource depletion
- water, food, and energy shortages or scarcities
Environmental degradation
- deforestation, pollution, climate change
Social and Economic strains
- unemployment, health issues, crime
Solutions to overpopulation
Education
Accessibility to family planning (planned parenthood)
Sustainable developments
-policies that promote sustainable resource use and reduce environmental impact can reduce the strain on the planet
Case studies
Chinas one child policy
Indias family planning programs
- promoting family planning has lead to a positive impact related to cultural attitudes
Declining population
Causes low birth rates, high death rates, and increased migration
Implications: economic challenges due to a shrinking workforce, increased strain on elderly care and healthcare workers, and low innovation
Thomas Malthus
Predicted that population growth would outpace food production and eventually lead to famine and worldwide food insecurity
Julian Simone
Believed that human innovation and technology could overcome resource limitations
Julian Simon
Believed that human innovation and technology could overcome resource limitations
Paul Ehlrich
Wrote “The Population Bomb” warning the public about the dangers of overpopulation and advocating for population control measures (like the one child policy)
Marquis de Condorcet
Spoke about the benefits of education in regards to controlling the over population crisis.
Tragedy of the Commons
A conceptual situation in which people selfishly take advantage of a resource depleting it and creating long term consequences regarding sustainability in a community
Eg. Overfishing cod in the east coast
UN World Population Prospects
Regularly updated reports by the UN projecting future population growth rates using information about current fertility, mortality, and migration trends
Importance: provides data for policy makers that plan towards future and socio-economic needs
Special Moment in history
Use the baby boom for an example of how population growth affects the world
How has technology affected population
Big Crunch
A hypothetical scenario in cosmology where the expansion of the universe finally stops and begins to reverse leading to a massive implosion
The concept metaphorically relates to demographic discussions about population cycles and sustainability
