Demography Flashcards

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1
Q

Birth rate trend

A

Long term decline in birth rate, 3 baby booms after ww1,ww2, and the 1960s

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2
Q

Reasons for birth rate decline

A
  1. changes in positions of women
  2. fall in infant mortality rate
  3. children as an economic liability
  4. child centeredness
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3
Q

Impacts of a declining birth rate

A

The dependency ratio increases - the relationship between the size of the working population and the non-working (dependent) population.
​The working population’s earnings support the dependent population through tax
​Women are having fewer children because this reduces the ‘burden of dependency’
​Public services - fewer schools, child health services etc

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4
Q

Overall death trend

A

Declining, despite ww1, ww2 and 1918 flu epidemic

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5
Q

Reasons for a decline in deaths

A

Improved nutrition

Medical improvements (vaccinations, antibiotics, NHS)

Public health improvements (better housing, clean water, clean air)

Social change (decline in manual labour, greater knowledge of disease)

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6
Q

Reasons for an aging population

A

The average age in the UK is increasing because of:
Increased life expectancy
Low infant mortality rate
Declining fertility

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7
Q

Impacts of an aging population

A

Increased strain on public services
More one-person households
The rising dependency ratio
Ageism

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8
Q

Phillipson (marxist) - aging population

A

The old are of no use to capitalism because they are no longer productive and an economically dependent group, adding to the dependency ratio

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9
Q

Hunt (postmodernist) - aging population

A

We can choose our identity no matter what our age is: our age no longer determines who we are. As a result of this, the elderly become a market for body maintenance and rejuvenation services and goods, such as cosmetic surgery, gym membership and anti-ageing products

GREY POUND

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10
Q

Reasons for migration

A

Push factors - unemployment and economic recession
Pull factors - higher wages and better opportunities

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