DEMOGRAPHY Flashcards
is the statistical study of human
population.
* It encompasses the study of the size,
structure and distribution of populations
* spatial and/or temporal changes in
response to birth, migration, aging and
death
Demography
study of the character,
number, and distribution of living
organisms residing in or migrating
through particular places
POPULATION
*Social and Biological Science
*Size of Breeding Group
FACTORS IN POPULATION
- The computation of vital and health
statistics rates and ratios. - Setting up coverage of activities.
- Setting up norms for assignment of
health facilities, staff and funds.
three principal uses of
population data in health administration,
- Continuous Population Registration
- Consist of registering births, deaths,
emigration and immigration, making
necessary additions and subtractions to
the existing population.
Estimates of Population Size
Simple way of estimating the
number of population in a smaller area
Surveys
assumed that the population increases at
a constant amount per year
Arithmetic Increase Method
assume
that population increases at a constant
rate per year
Geometric Increase Method-
applied to whole societies or to
groups defined by criteria.
– education, nationality, religion and
ethnicity.
Demographic analysis
–limits its object
of study to the measurement of
populations processes
Formal demography
population
studies analyze the relationships between
economic, social, cultural and biological
processes influencing a population
Social demography
encompasses the
study of fertility, mortality and migration.
Population studies
the common direct method
of collecting demographic data.
* conducted by a national government
and attempts to enumerate every person
in a country.
CENSUS
official and
periodic enumeration of population
Census
collected
continuously and summarized on an
annual basis
Vital statistics data
done when people
are assigned to the place where they
usually live regardless of where they are
at the time of census
De jure method
done when the
people are assigned to the place where
they are physically present at the time of
the census regardless of their usual place
of residence
De facto method
obtained data come
from a small number of people
proportionate to the total population, –the
results will always be generalized for the
whole population
Sample Survey
collected by
the civil registrar’s office deal with
recording vital events in the community
Registration systems
refer to births, deaths,
marriage, divorces and the like
Vital events
collect information about
families or households
– characteristics as age, sex, marital
status, literacy/education, employment
status
Censuses
Two methods of data collection:
Direct and indirect data collection:
come from vital statistics
registries that track all births and deaths.
- changes in legal status (marriage,
divorce) - migration (registration of place
of residence).
Direct data
collecting data are
required in countries where full data are
not available.
Indirect methods
where
survey researchers ask women how
many of their sisters have died or had
children and at what age.
–Other indirect methods include asking
people about siblings, parents, and
children
Sister method technique
the annual
number of deaths per 1,000 people.
crude death rate
annual
number of deaths of children less than 1
year old per 1,000 live births
infant mortality rate
the number of years which
an individual at a given age could expect
to live at present mortality levels
expectation of life
number of
live births per woman completing her
reproductive life, if her childbearing at
each age reflected current agespecific
fertility rates
total fertility rate
the average number of children a woman
must have in order to replace herself with
a daughter in the next generation.
replacement level fertility
expected number of daughters, per
newborn prospective mother, who may or
may not survive to and through the ages
of childbearing.
net reproduction ratio
one that has had
constant crude birth and death rates for
such long time that the percentage of
people in every age class remains
constant, or equivalently, the population
pyramid has an unchanging structure
stable population
one that is
both stable and unchanging in size. –it
can be expanding or shrinking
stationary population
Three Processes
*Populations can change
A.Fertility B. Mortality C. Migration
involves the number of
children that women have and is to be
contrasted with fecundity
Fertility
study of the causes,
consequences, and measurement of
processes affecting death to members of
the population
Mortality
refers to the movement of
persons from an origin place to a
destination place across some predefined, political boundary.
Migration
By determining the increase in the
population resulting from an excess of births
compared to deaths
To determine the increase in the
population using data obtained during
two census periods
Method of measuring the Population
Size
simply the
difference between the number of births
and the number of death occurring in a
population in a specified period of time
Natural increase
difference between the Crude Birth Rate
and the Crude Death rate occurring in a
population in a specified period of time
Rate of Natural increase
Measures the number of people that are
added to the population per year. This is
computed using the following formula
Absolute increase per year
actual
difference between the two census
counts expressed in percent relative to
the population size made during an earlier
census.
Relative increase
commonly described in terms of its age
and sex.
* Utilizes data who among the population
groups merits attention in terms of health
services and programs.
Population Composition
describe the sex
composition of the population, the nurse
computes for the sex ratio
Sex composition
divides the population
into two equal parts.
Median age
compares the
number of economically dependent with
the economically productive group in the
population
Dependency ratio
described
at the same time using a population
pyramid.
Age and Sex composition
described in terms of urbanrural
distribution, population density and
crowding index.
* The measures help how resources can
be justifiably allocated based on
concentration of population in a certain
place. Population distribution
Population distribution
simply
illustrates the proportion of the people
living in urban compared to rural areas
Urban-rural distribution
describe by which a
communicable disease will be transmitted
from one host to another susceptible host.
–This is described by dividing the
number of persons in a household with
the number of rooms used by the family
for sleeping
Crowding index
determine how
congested a place is and has implication
in terms of the adequacy of basic health
services present in the community
Population density
