Demographics

Question 1

Which characteristics are associated with COPD?
A. Persistent airflow limitation
B. Reversible airflow limitation
C. Enhanced inflammatory response
D. A and C
E. A,B and C

Answer 1

D
A preventable and treatable disease characterized by:
Persistent airflow limitation
Usually progressive
Enhanced inflammatory response to noxious agents
-Increase mucus production, Tissue destruction, Disrupted repair and defense of small airways–>fibrosis

Question 2

What rank does COPD occupy in the leading causes of death?

Answer 2

3

It was predicted to reach that level by 2020 (USA)
It was an early arrival
210,000,000 cases worldwide

Question 3

What is the most common cause of COPD?

Answer 3

1: tobacco smoking: 80% of COPD deaths

Noxious particles
-biomass fuels
-pollution: indoor and outdoor

Question 4

What is the absolute risk of COPD related death in a smoker?

Answer 4

25%

Smokers 12-13 times more likely to die from COPD than non-smokers

Question 5

List 3 occupations that increase the risk of developing COPD.

Answer 5

Miners, tunnel workers, concrete manufacturers, silica exposure: mineral dust
Workers in cotton, flax, hemp, grains: Organic dust
Other exposures: sulfur dioxide, isocyanates, cadmium, heavy metals, welding fumes

Question 6

List 5 risk factors other than smoking for developing COPD

Answer 6

Advancing age, secondary smoke exposure, pollution, family history of COPD, A1 Antitrypsin deficiency, childhood history of recurrent respiratory infections