Demographics Flashcards
1
Q
US pop growing older is a result of?
A
- declining infant mortality and increased birthrates w/ economic development
- WWII (1946-1964 - larges amt of babies born in hx)
- increasing life expectancy including life extending clinical interventions
2
Q
Poverty rates are higher it what groups of senior citizens?
A
- Black Americans (26%)
- hispanic Americans (21%)
- people who have never finished high school (21%)
- people living alone (21%)
- 85years and older (20%)
- people living in central cities (14%)
- people living in rural areas (13%)
3
Q
Percentage of seniors w/ incomes below the poverty line today?
A
- 10%
4
Q
Changes in educational status in senior pop?
A
- b/t 1970 and 1998 - those who completed high school increased from 28% to 67%
- by 2030 83% of seniors have completed high school, and 24% will have completed bachelors (current: 15%)
- these better educated seniors will likely be more demanding health care consumers (they use the internet…)
5
Q
ratio of women to men over age of 65?
A
- over 65:
3:2 women, 47% widows, 13% widowers, 31% women and 13% men live alone - over 75:
52% women and 22% men live alone - over 85:
5 women: 2 men
6
Q
Marital status in seniors?
A
- most in US under age of 85 married
7
Q
Change in common causes of death from 1900 to 1990?
A
- 1900:
infectious disease and childbirth complications highest - 1990:
cancer and CVD
8
Q
MC COD these days?
A
1- CVD 2- cancer 3- cerebral vascular disease 4- COPD 5- pneumonia and influenza 6-diabetes 7- accidents 8- alzheimers
9
Q
In US - 1995 79% of people 70 or older had one or more of what 7 chronic conditions MC among older adults?
A
- arthritis
- high blood pressure
- heart disease
- diabetes
- lung diseases
- stroke
- cancer
10
Q
Definition of life expectancy?
A
- avg number of additional yrs of life that is expected for a member of a pop.
- max life span: theoretical, longest length of life, excluding premature unnatural death
11
Q
Life span in diff ethnic groups?
A
- Asians live longest, followed by whites, Hispanics, African Americans, and Native Americans
- whites live longer than African Americans until 75 - then African Americans gain a longecity advantage
- ethnic categories other than white currently compromise 11% of US elderly pop
- by 2025 there will be 8 mill African Americans 60 and older:
9 mill hispanics - pop aging and accompanying ethnic diversity have impt implications for interaction b/t healthcare providers and pts
12
Q
Challenges in care - diff ethnicities?
A
- lanugage barriers
- values of providers
- ethnic beliefs and values
- Americanization of ethnic groups - values, behavior, food preferences
- older persons may refuse therapies they feel - are too expensive, offer limited curative value, are inconsistent w/ cultural beliefs
- studies have found + relationship b/t acculturation and prevalence of HTN in elderly Mexican-American males, retention of Mexican values, behaviors and food preference among elderly males is protective against HTN
13
Q
Why is there an increasing likelihood of exposure to chronic, disabling diseases of aging?
A
- interventions w/ senescence accelerators: smoking, excessive ETOH consumption, and efforts to decelerate senescence through diet supplementation or gentic manipulation have manufactured time for humans past reproductive age
- increasd life expectancy has been concentrated in yrs w/ chronic disability, suggesting increasing future demands on health care system
14
Q
Disabilities and diseases common in elderly pop?
A
- hearing loss
- vision loss
- prostate cancer
- arthritis
- alzheimers disease
- heart disease
- diabetes
- HTN
15
Q
What is disability? What pop is this postponed in?
A
- self reported inabilitty to walk up and down flight of stairs or walk half a mile w/o help - women tend to report more disability than men
-postponed in:
those who don’t smoke, those who exercise, those w/ BMI in normal range
