DEMOGRAPHICS 2 Flashcards
death rate
number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year
how has the death rate changed from 1900 to 2012
fallen dramatically
what are diseases of affluence
rich foods, smoking and wine- 50’s
why was the death rate high in 1850-1970
due to rise of infectious diseases
public health
improved housing and clean air act
medical improvement
anti biotics and immunisation, NHS 1948
improved nutrition
reduction in tb
smoking and diet
obesity has replaced smoking, fall in smoking related deaths
american healthcare
longer lives due to costly medication
other social changes leading to decline of death rate
decline of mining and other dangerous jobs, smaller families, higher income, greater public knowledge
life expectancy
hoe long on average someone should live based on when they were born
death rates and life expectancy
as death rates fall life expectancy rises
what does harper predict
we will soon reach radical longevity, many more centurions
gender class and ethnicity differences in life expectancy
women live longer than men
north and scotland- lower life expectancy than south
poorest areas die 7 years earlier than those in richest
ageing population
older average population age
what is the prediction relating to ageing population… by 2041
we will have as many 78yr olds as 5yr olds
the ageing population is a result of 3 factors
increasing life expectancy
decline in infant mortality
declining fertility
how does feminism impact the ageing population
women staying in education longer, more access to contraception
affects of ageing population
public services
changes in family structure
single person pensioner house holds
dependency ratio
policy implications
ageism
public services
consume a large part of health and social care
overgeneralisation- many older people are in good health
family structure
increase in extended families- longer life expectancy
multi generational and bean pole families
single person pensioner households
1/8 of all households are like this
mostly female as they live longer
feminisation of later life
feminisation of later life
more female products and activities
dependency ratio
puts the workers under a bigger strain
economically dependant
3.2 workers for every 1 pensioner
offset by decline of dependant children
policy implications
several important social policies
trade down, smaller houses, free up housing for youth
ageism
negative stereotype based on age
old age can be seen and spoken about like a problem
what did phillipson say about old age
the old are of no value to capitalism
postmodernist view of old age
social construct, stages of life have broken down we can now choose an identity regardless of age
Demography
Study of population and their characteristics
Birth rate
How many babies are born per 1000 of the population per year
Total fertility rate
Average number of children women will have during their fertile years
Infant mortality rate
Relationship between the size of working population and the non working. Dependent part
Death rate
How many deaths per 1000 of the population per year
Life expectancy
How long your life is expected to be based on when you were born
Ageing population
More older people than younger in a society
Féminisation of later life
Women live longer- therefore an increase in feminine products and activities
Ageism
Discrimination based on age
Structured dependency
When older people are dependant on families or the government to support them
Migrant
Someone who moved country. 2 kinds
Immigrant
Moving into a country
Emigrant
Moving out of a country
Globalisation
Increasingly interconnected. Global barriers are breaking down. Not good or bad
Harper 2012
Soon we will achieve radical longevity- there will be more centurions than ever before
Harper
We are moving towards an American culture- replacing smoking with obesity and living for a long time with the help of medication
Tranter 1996
3/4 of the decline in death rates from 1850 to 1970 is due to fall in infection related death
McKeown 1972
Improved nutrition accounts for the reducation in death rates
Walker 2011
The average difference in life expectancy of people who are disability free is 17 years
Hirsch
Several important social policies will need to change for us to tackle the problems around ageing population
Phillipson 1982
The old are of no use to capitalism
Hunt
We can choose a lifestyle regardless of our age- age is a social construct
Pilcher 1995
Inequalities such as gender and class remain important to an individuals choices and identity
Age concern 2004
More people reported age discrimination than any other forms
