democracy and participation Flashcards
1832 franchise extention
voring rights extended to property owners
1867 franchise extenstion
voting rights extended skilled workers
1918 franchise extenstion
voting rights extended to all men over 21 and women over 30
1928 franchise extention
voting extended to everyone over 21
1969 franchise extention
voting rights extended to everyone 18 or above
turnout in 1945 to 1992
75%
what was the 1950 election turnout?
84% - highest ever recorded
what the 2001 general election turnout?
59% - lowest ever recorded
other general election turnout
2005 - 61%
2010 - 65%
2015 - 66%
2017 - 69%
2019 - 67%
How many members did labour have in the 1950s?
1 million members
How many members did conservatives have in the 1950s
2.8 million
what percentage of the uk population is part of a political party as of 1983?
3.8% and since then this number has decreased to 1%
how many members did the labour party have in 2011?
193,000
how many members did the conservative party have in 2011?
130,000
what percentage of adults aren’t even registered to vote?
10%
How many members does the RSPB have?
1.5 million
what is the turnout for assembly elections?
they rarely achieve 50%
whats the turnout for local elections?
30%
what is the turnout for police and crime comission?
12%-14% with a low of 8%
how many parties were there in the last parliament?
11
how many parties were there in the 2017 general election
8
how many memebers did labour have in 2017
500,000
what is the turnout for the EU referndum
72%
what percentage of people claim to be strong supporters of a political party?
34%
democracy in china
they hold elections but you can only vote for the chinese communist party
NHS claim
Much had been made of a claim that £350 million that was sent to the EU every week could instead be spent on the NHS.
UKIP votes
UKIP winning 13% of the vote in 2015 but only
1 seat, while the SNP gained 56 seats with only 2% of the national vote.
current universal sufferage
71.5%
how many additonal peole could vote after 1832
300,000
franchise 200 years ago
2.7%
Suffragists by 1914
By 1914, the NUWSS had more than 100,000 members in 400 branches spread across the whole country.
Country’s where u18 have the vote
- the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey
- Austria
- Nicaragua
- Brazil
- Ecuador
groups that promote votes at 16
- British Youth Council
- Children’s Rights Alliance for England
- National Union of Students
- Public Achievement
- Scottish Youth Parliament
1997 election turnout
71%, which meant that the landslide Labour win by 179 seats.
Other turnout levels
- Scottish Parliament election 2011: 50%
- European Union election 2014: 34%
- Police and crime commissioner (PCC) elections 2012: average 12–14%, lowest 8%
- Alternative vote (AV) referendum 2011: 42s
what pecentage of registered voters actually voted for labour in 2001
26%
Labour party members - 2023
432,000
Conservative party members - 2023
172,000
SNP party members
104,000
Liberal democrats party members
74,000
Corporatism - 1970s
this was used to describe the close working relationship,
or partnership, between the government, business and the trade union movement (or workers).
Turnout of 2016 EU referendum
72.2%
Turnout of 2014 Scottish referendum
84.6%
2017 General election turnout
68.8%
Turnout of 2019 general election
67.3%
2023 Local election turnout
39%
Typically in general elections how many people vote for the two main parties
80-90
Labour’s new initative for increased membership
£3 membership fee to be a registered supporter and be allowed to vote for the party leader, have made joining parties easier and driven up membership.
Justice for the 96 campaign
the ‘Justice for the 96’ campaign was able to promote and encourage people to participate by signing an online participation to reopen the inquest into the Hillsborough disaster, and the ‘Occupy’ movement was able to use social media to coordinate and encourage supporters to occupy London in 2011.
RSPB membership
1.2 million
Amnesty international
campaign for edning the abuse of human rights
Deal the RMT accepted
pay rise by 14.4% for the lowest payed and 9.2% for the highest.
What deal did the Royal college of nursing reject
5% pay rise and a one off payment of £1655
What pay rise did BMA want
35%
Wealth in pressure groups
the British Bankers’ Association paid lobbyists to persuade ministers to cut corporation tax and taxes on banks’ overseas subsidiaries.
expertise in pressure groups
the AA provided evidence and statistics to persuade the government to increase the penalties for using a mobile phone while driving.
celebrity endorsement
Marcus rashford with FareShare
The goal contradicts a government policy example
The Conservative government (2015–) is determined to introduce new polices for a 7-day NHS, therefore the BMA campaign against the proposals has largely failed.
The government can resist pressure from the group example
The Stop the War Coalition organised mass rallies and activities to stop the invasion of Iraq in 2003. However, with a large majority and cross-party support in parliament, the Blair government was able to resist the pressure and ignore the group’s demands.
Countervailing forces example
The pro-smoking group Forrest has failed to prevent restrictions on smoking in the UK, largely because it has lost out to the group ASH, which has successfully campaigned for restrictions on smoking.
The goals of the group act against popular opinion example
Groups such as the Coalition for Marriage failed in their campaign against the legal recognition of gay marriage because most public opinion was in favour of it. The group was therefore campaigning against a change that had public support.
the group alienates the public example
Violent groups such as ALF and PETA fail to achieve their goals because the public are opposed to their methods, even if they might support their causes. The same can be true of strike action if the public begins to blame the trade unions for the disruption caused.
Think Tank example
Adam smith Institute - focuses on free market issues, or they may pursue a general agenda, such as Reform, which develops proposals to better deliver public services and economic prosperity.
Think Tanks under Blair
The use of think-tanks grew markedly under Tony Blair’s leadership of the Labour Party, as he sought to develop his Third Way policy ideas, which were not widely supported by the party membership.
Human rights 2004
A law that prevented a gay partner from inheriting a council flat was struck down as discrimination under the HRA.
Human right 2011
A special court ruled that local councils cannot force a vulnerable adult to live in a care home as it undermines their right to a family life.
Human rights 2012
Home secretaries were repeatedly prevented from deporting Abu Qatada, a Jordanian national who was accused of having links to terrorist organisations, on the basis that the evidence against him was obtained through torture.
Equality act 2010
an attempt to simplify and codify a variety of Acts of Parliament, conventions and regulations that existed in different forms, and for different groups, across the UK
Freedom of information Act 2000
The Freedom of Information Act was passed in 2000 to improve transparency in public bodies. Requests can be made to see information that relates to any public body, as long as it does not compromise national security.
key groups that protect rights
- Liberty
- Amnesty International
- Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions
- Equality Now
- Witness
How many people were registered to vote in the 1950s compared to 2023?
95% in 1950
86% in 2023
How many over-65s are registered to vote compared to younger people
Nearly all over-65s are registered to vote and only 60% of youth ate
