Democracy and Nazism Timeline 1918-1945 Flashcards
1918
September: Ludendorff conceded that Germany had been defeated
October 3: Prince Max von Baden appointed Chancellor
November 2: Grand fleet mutiny at Kiel
November 3-9: Rebellions spread, soldiers’ and workers’ councils formed
November 9: Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated and fled to the Netherlands; Friedrich Ebert appointed Chancellor; Germany proclaimed a republic
November 10: Ebert-Groener agreement
November 11: Armistice signed with Allies at Compagnie.
1919
January 1: KPD founded
January: German Workers’ Party (DAP) founded by Anton Drexler.
January 5-11: Spartacist uprising in Berlin
January 15: Karl Leibkneckt and Rosa Luxemburg murdered
February 6: National Assembly met at Weimar
April-May: Bavarian Socialist Republic (Red Bavaria) crushed by Freikorps
June 28: Treaty of Versailles signed
July 31: Weimar constitution adopted by the National Constituent Assembly
1920
February: DAP name changed to NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers’ Party)
February: 25 Point Programme drawn up by Hitler and Drexler
March: Kapp Putsch
1921
May 5: Allies fixed reparations at £6600 million
August 26: Matthias Erzberger murdered
1922
April 16: Treaty of Rapallo
June 24: Walther Rathenau murdered
1923
January 11: Franco-Belgian occupation of the Ruhr (not ended until 1925)
January 13: Passive resistance proclaimed bu the German government
January - November: Period of hyperinflation
August 12: Gustav Streseman made Chancellor and Foreign Minister of Germany; state of emergency declared.
August - November: Streseman’s 100 days
Autumn: German October in Saxony (overthrown by army)
November 9: Beer Hall Putsch
November 15: Rentenmark introduced
1924
February: Hitler imprisoned and wrote Mein Kampf
April: Dawes Plan proposed and accepted for reparations
1925
February: NSDAP refounded in Munich
February 28: Ebert died
April: Paul von Hindenburg elected President
October: Locarno Conference
1926
September: Germany joined the League of Nations
February: Bamburg Conference (Hitler’s leadership of the NSDAP re-established)
1928
May: Hermann Müller’s Grand Coalition
May: Reichstag election result
August: Kellog-Briand Pact
1929
June: Proposals of the Young Plan for reparations
October: Streseman died
October: Wall Street Crash and onset of global depression
1930
March: Collapse of Müller’s government; Heinrich Brüning appointed Chancellor
September: Reichstag election (Nazi Party emerged as 2nd largest party)
December: Brüning’s economic measures imposed by presidential decree
1931
July 5: Leading German banks failed
1932
January: Unemployment peaked at 6.1 million
April: Re-election of Hindenburg as German president
May: Brüning resigned; Franz von Papen appointed Chancellor
July: Reichstag election (Nazi Party emerged as largest party)
September: Reichstag passed a massive vote of no confidence in Papen’s government
December: Papen dismissed and replaced by Kurt von Schleicher as Chancellor
1933
January 30: Schleicher dismissed and Adolf Hitler named Chancellor
February 27: Reichstag fire (Communists blamed)
March 5: Final elections according to the Weimar constitution
March 23: Enabling Act passed
March: Creation of the Ministry of Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda under Joseph Goebbels
March: Appointment of Hjalmar Schacht as President of the Reichsbank
April 1: First official boycott of Jewish shops and professions
May: The burning of books; creation of DAF (German Labour Front)
July 14: All political opposition to Nazi Party declared illegal (Law Against the Foundation of New Parties) - effectively declaring Germany a one-party state
July: Concordat signed with the Papacy
1934
January: Creation of the Confessional Church
May: Reich Ministry of Education created
June 30: Night of the Long Knives (purge of the SA)
July: Appointment of Schacht as Minister of Economics
August 2: Death of President Hindenburg; Hitler merged posts of Chancellor and President to become Führer
August 19: Plebiscite vote held with the German public voting 89.9% in favour of Hitler becoming Führer
August 20: Oath of Loyalty taken by the army
September: The New Plan introduced
1935
Mass arrests by Gestapo of Socialists and Communists
September 15: Nuremberg Laws introduced
1936
June: Appointment of Heinrich Himmler as Chief of Police
October: Four Year Plan established under Hermann Goering
1937
March: Papal Encyclical Mit brennender Sorge (With Burning Grief) issued, criticising the Nazi government’s persecution of the Catholic Church
November: Resignation of Schacht as Minister of Economics
1938
February: Forced resignation of Field Marshal Blomberg and General Fritsch; purge of army leadership
November 9-11: Reichskristallnacht (anti-Jewish pogrom)
1939
January: Creation of the Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration
September 1: Germany invaded Poland
September: Creation of Reich Security Office (RHSA)
December: Hitler’s war economy decrees
1941
June 22: Germany invaded USSR (Operation Barbarossa)
August: Bishop Clemens von Galen’s issues sermons against euthanasia
December: Rationalisation Decree
1942
Transporation of Jews to death camps
Start of White Rose student group (distribution of anti-Nazi leaflets)
January 20: Wannsee Conference (Final Solution to exterminate the Jewish people)
February: Appointment of Albert Speer as Armaments Minister
November: Germany defeated at El-Alamain
1943
January: Germany surrender at Stalingrad
February 18: Goebbels speech rallied the people for ‘Total War’
July 24: Hamburg firestorm
