democracy and citizenship Flashcards
Democratization
the action of making something accessible to everyone; the introduction of a democratic system or democratic principles (power is vested in the people)
Democratic Backsliding
“erosion” or when a democratic country shows signs of becoming autocratic or authoritarian
Active Citizenship
someone being involved in the community, their nation, or actively contributing to democracy (PARTICIPATION)
Natural Slavery (or Aristotelian Slavery)
people are slaves by nature; the relationship between slave and master is fundamental to the law of nature
Teleology
history is moving forward in a straight line to a single goal/event; the essence of a thing is its end
Tumult
commotion or violent agitation/disturbance (usually to force social change)
Passions vs. Reason
passions are impressions – strong and lively perception with a direction or impulse, while reasons is the matter of connecting various ideas in order to come to a belief, it may form the circumstances under which passions arise (reason can generate no impulse by itself)
The Social Contract
an implicit agreement among the members of a society to follow moral and political rules.
The State of Nature
Rousseau argued that people are neither good nor bad, but are born as a blank state and influenced by society and their environment
The Lawgiver
someone who invents a moral code (Rousseau)
Equality of Conditions
the desire for an ever more perfect equality that pervades the pursuits and lives of individuals in a democratic society. (it is favorable to the purity of morals, the social commotion by which conditions are rendered equal) (Rousseau)
Reform vs. Revolution
reforms are about reconstruction or improvement of something, while revolution focuses on destroying something
Institutions
an established law, practice, or custom
Human Emancipation vs. Political Emancipation
political emancipation is liberating humans as participants in political life from factors that would otherwise not allow it (such as religion) and individual citizens having equal status in relate to the state (political emancipation is the only way for citizens to be protected by the state); human emancipation is being free from another person’s control (Marx)
Universalism
universal laws; implies that it is possible to apply generalized norms, values, or concepts to all people and cultures (individual and collective autonomy)
Self-Determination
the process by which a group of people, usually possessing a certain degree of national consciousness, form their own state and choose their own government
Democratic Despotism
democracy by virtue of functioning can lead to despotism (form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power) (Du Bois considers the relationship between domestic and international affairs)
World Democracy
a way of governing which depends on the will of the people that occurs globally (globalizing would be undemocratic though; it would need to start with small communities and then expand)
Domination
the exercise of control or influence over someone or something, or the state of being so controlled
Welfare
financial support given to people in need (need welfare so they can enjoy quality of opportunity; the state would provide welfare so everyone has a equal opportunity)
Class-Abatement
(abatement is the act/process of reducing or otherwise abating something) citizenship is a tool of social equality; equality of opportunity > equality of outcomes
Civil Rights
the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality
Political Rights
a class of rights that protect individuals’ freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals
Social Rights
a right to participate in society (the right to work, education, healthcare, etc.)
Legalis homo vs. Zoon politikon
legalis homo means the subject invokes already given law (gailian) while zoon politikon is the citizen as a lawgiver, such as participating in the laws created political animal (aristotlian)
Possessive Individualism
individuals owe nothing to society; the individual is the proprietor of their own person and capacities
Materialism
the tendency to consider material possessions more important than spiritual values; the material conditions of our existence determine all else in society
Liberal Citizenship
citizenship as status
Civic Republicanism
citizenship as practice (participation, being active in a community)
Public/Private
the public is the ‘polis’ or the political; the private is the ‘oikos’ or the household (a right to privacy is the separation of personal life and personal choices; being able to choose what is put into the public sphere and what is not)
Impartiality
equal treatment of everyone
Democratic Consolidation
thought as and believed to be that democracy is the only system of government that will function in a nation
Deliberate Democracy
theory that emerged in opposition to interest group politics (form of participatory democracy; the mode of participation requires people to be calm, collected, reasonable, and non-emotional) reason will supersede power, force, and emotion
Agnostic Democracy
the mode of participation requires people to be irrational, emotional, etc… to truly be democratic
White Democracy
a democracy that places emphasis on structural inequalities (race); involves political and economic structures (the political structure that is being introduced is race) (active in the US because minorities are oppressed and inequality exists)
Herrenvolk Democracy vs. Herrenvolk Republicanism
herrenvolk democracy favors race (whites ruling themselves democratically); herrenvolk republicanism promotes the dominance of a particular ethnic or racial group
Abolition Democracy
abolitionist white citizenship
Civil Disobedience
willling to be punished for people to be persuaded and to support your cause (Ex: MLK)
Withdrawing / Drawing In
can be an active participant if withdrawing from the system, can allow for engaging in political mobilization (Ex: CPAC withdrawing from the system)
Legal Cynicism and System Avoidance
where one views the law and law enforcement to be illegitimate (this leads to system avoidance, not wanting anything to do with law enforcement…)
A Green New Deal
strengthening infrastructure and creating new jobs, BUT reducing gas emissions to combat pollution and climate change
Digital Technology and Citizenship
new technology doesn’t threaten democracy because we can still choose to be active citizens and have free will (new technology just gives more accessibility to data/information)
Democracy and Representation (mimetic ontology)
humans are passionate and can be blind to our own contributions to conflict
Rendered Output
changing the current frame of something to put it into something else (Ex: Chat GPT)
