Democracy

Question 1

Government

Answer 1

=the legitimate use of force (firearms, imprisonment, execution) within specified boundaries to control human behaviour

Question 2

What do we mean by politics?

Answer 2

• Authoritative allocation of values for a society

- Process through which individuals and groups reach agreement on a course of common action

Question 3

Collective action problem

Answer 3

Disincentives that tend to discourage joint action by individual in the pursuit of a common goal
If they believe the collective act will occur without their individual contribution, they may free ride

Question 4

2 classes of collective action

Answer 4

Coordination

Prisoner’s dilemma

Question 5

Classes of collective action: coordination

Answer 5

Members of group must decide individually what they’re prepared to contribute to the collective enterprise and how to coordinate their efforts with those of others

Question 6

Classes of collective action: Prisoner’s dilemma

Answer 6

Arises whenever individuals decide that even though they support some collective undertaking, they personally are better off pursuing an activity that rewards them individually despite undermining the collective effort

Question 7

Problem with pref aggregation

Answer 7

As resources are scarce and beliefs differ, disagreement is inevitable
Unstructured negotiation rarely comes to collective decision all parties can accept
-needs institutions that allow us to reach agreements

Question 8

Costs of pref aggregation

Answer 8

1) transaction costs

2) conformity costs

Question 9

Prisoners dilemma

Answer 9

Shows while cooperation is collectively rational, defection is individually rational

Question 10

Politics scores: democracy

Answer 10

6-10

Question 11

Polity scores: anocracy

Answer 11

-5 -> 5

Question 12

Polity scores: autocracy

Answer 12

-10 -> -6

Question 13

Democracy

Answer 13

For, of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them/by their elected agents under a free electoral system

Question 14

Anocracy

Answer 14

Regime that is characterised by inherent qualities of political instability and ineffectiveness
Cambodia

Question 15

Autocracy

Answer 15

Supreme power is concentrated in hands of 1 person
Decisions=subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularised mechanisms of popular control
N.Korea

Question 16

What goes into polity scores

Answer 16

• openness of executive recruitment (selection v election)
• competitiveness of executive recruitment (politically active have opp to attain position)
• executive constraints/decision rules
• regulation of participation (rules on when/how political pref are expressed)
• competitiveness of participation