Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

science yr 9 > Demetrius > Flashcards

Demetrius Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

heterozygus

A

when the two alleles for a gene in the organism are different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

homozygus

A

when the two alleles for a gene in an organism are the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

genotype

A

the genetic make up of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dominant

A

an allele that always shows an effect in the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

phenotype

A

the observable characteristics of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

clone

A

a genetically identical copy of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mRNA

A

the main function of RNA is to carry information of amino acid sequence from the genes to where proteins are assembled on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

This is done by messenger RNA (mRNA). A single strand of DNA is the blueprint for the mRNA which is transcribed from that DNA strand. The sequence of base pairs is transcribed from DNA by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. Then the mRNA moves from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm to form proteins. The mRNA translates the sequence of base pairs into a sequence of amino acids to form proteins. This process is called translation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

autosome

A

a chromosome that does not determine the gender of the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

amino acid

A

protein structure/shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

vector

A

Vector (biology) Traditionally in medicine, a vector is an organism that does not cause disease itself but which spreads infection by conveying pathogens from one host to another. Species of mosquito, for example, serve as vectors for the deadly disease Malaria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

polydactyly

A

an inherited condition due to a dominant allele causing extra fingers or toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

telomere

A

a cap on the tip of a chromosome that regulates cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

allele

A

The definition of alleles are pairs or series of genes on a chromosome that determine the hereditary characteristics. An example of an allele is the gene that determines hair color.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pedigree

A

. A pedigree is a diagram that depicts the biological relationships between an organism and its ancestors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

reccessive

A

A recessive gene is a gene that can be masked by a dominant gene. … You might remember the word recessive from biology, where it most often appears. Its opposite is dominant and is always living in its shadow. A recessive allele has to team up with another recessive allele in order to show up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

meiosis

A

They instead undergo meiosis, another type of cell division that produces four cells with half the amount of DNA as the original cell.
only sex cells undergo meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mitosis

A

Mitosis, a process of cell duplication, or reproduction, during which one cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells. Strictly applied, the term mitosis is used to describe the duplication and distribution of chromosomes, the structures that carry the genetic information.
used for growth repair and replace old cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gametes

A

Gametes are special cells used in sexual reproduction.

In humans, these are the sperm and the egg (ovum), which are made and stored in the testes and ovarieschromosomes.\

the only haploid cells in our bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

zygote

A

A zygote is the union of the sperm cell and the egg cell. Also known as a fertilized ovum, the zygote begins as a single cell but divides rapidly in the days following fertilization. After this two-week period of cell division, the zygote eventually becomes an embryo.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic acid

21
Q

rna bases

A 
(A) Adenine
(G) Guanine
(C) Cytosine
(U) Uracil
thyimine
a=u
t=a
c=g
22
Q

dna bases

A

(A) Adenine
(G) Guanine
(C) Cytosine
(T) thymine

23
Q

mitosis process

A

1.

Before mitosis starts, the DNA is copied. This gives the cell two full copies of DNA.

2.

Mitosis then starts with the DNA (genetic material) being organised into chromosomes. This keeps it safe and organised during cell division.

3.

The nucleus dissolves and each copy of DNA is dragged to opposite sides of the cell.

4.

The cell divides into two.

5.

The two new cells are genetically identical to the original cell.

24
Q

chromosomes

A

In order to keep the DNA organised and free from damage during copying and cell division, it is organised into structures called chromosomes.

25
Q

dna

A

deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

26
Q

gene

A

Genes are lengths of DNA that contain information about a trait.

27
Q

allele

A

Alleles are variations of a gene that code for a specific variation of the trait.

28
Q

diploid

A

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

29
Q

haploid

A

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

30
Q

difference between genotype and phenotype

A

An individual’s genotype is made up of their alleles. An individual’s phenotype is made up of their traits.

31
Q

how many alleles for each gene

A

An individual has two alleles for each gene.

If these alleles are the same, they are homozygous for that gene. If these alleles are different, they are heterozygous for that gene.

32
Q

trait

A

a genetically determined characteristic

33
Q

protein

A

Proteins are large molecules that make up a lot of the cell’s structure and have essential functions to keep the cell alive.

34
Q

ribosomes

A

Makes proteins.

35
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Folds and packages proteins and sends them to the correct location.

36
Q

mitochondria

A

Provide energy for the cell

37
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

to transport substances and proteins around the cell

38
Q

eukaryotic

A

An organism whose cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a membrane and whose DNA is bound together by proteins (histones) into chromosomes.

39
Q

fertilisation.

A

is the fusion of two gametes: one sperm and one egg.

40
Q

somatic cells

A

body cells

41
Q

chromatid

A

A chromatid is a chromosome that has been newly copied

42
Q

karyotype

A

he number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or specie

43
Q

Epigenetics

A

changes in gene expression as a result of environment/non dna factors

44
Q

transcription

A

dna nucleotide sequence is copied into a new rna molecule

45
Q

gene flow

A

movement of genes from one species to another

46
Q

divergent evolution

A

Divergent evolution is the process whereby groups from the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences, resulting in the formation of new species.

47
Q

convergent evolution

A

different species evolving to have the same trait
An example of convergent evolution is the similar nature of the flight/wings of insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats. All four serve the same function and are similar in structure, but each evolved independently.

48
Q

genetic drift

A

Genetic drift is a random process that can lead to large changes in populations over a short period of time. Random drift is caused by recurring small population sizes, severe reductions in population size called “bottlenecks” and founder events where a new population starts from a small number of individuals.

49
Q

phyletic evolution

A

Phyletic gradualism is a model of evolution which theorizes that most speciation is slow, uniform and gradual.

science yr 9 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions