Dementia characteristics

Question 1

Vascular

Answer 1

early gait disturbance- magnetic, parkinsonian, apraxic
falls
urinary frequency
pseudobulbar palsy
MILD memory deficit early on, SIGNIFICANT executive dys
mood changes

Question 2

DLB

Answer 2

fluctuating attention and cognition
visual hallucinations
SF parkinsonism
REM sleep behaviour disorder
axial parkinsonism 
Falls, syncope, autonomic dysfunction
Neuroleptic sensitivity

Question 3

MSA

Answer 3

AUtonomic dysfunction- classically postural hypotension but supine hypertension
Parkinsonism- rigidity out of proportion to tremor
Urine dysfunction
Poor levodopa response
Stridor, aspiration

Question 4

PSNP

Answer 4

First eye change is vertical saccades slowing
Later on superior gaze palsy up to 10 years after onset
Parkinsonism but with hyper errect posture; neck more than limbs
surprised facies
early falls
cog and behacioural changes in overlap with FTD
broad based gait, extended knees and trunk, arms abducted
pseudobulbar but no emotional incontinence

Question 5

FTD

Answer 5

language deficit (nonfluent, semantic, logopenic)
MND features, CBD, PSNP features
apathy
depression
hyperorality
impulsive
disinhibited
memory ok early on

Question 6

CBD

Answer 6

asymmetrical parkinsonism- axial rigidity
apraxia
myoclonus, alien limb, dystonias, hyper-reflexia
postural instability and falls
eye movement: slow pursuit, saccadic, occular apraxia