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CSD 470 > Dementia, CCI, TBI, RHD > Flashcards

Dementia, CCI, TBI, RHD Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive communication impairment

A

A difficulty with any aspect of communication that is affected by disruption of cognition. This is what SLPs treat in dementia.

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2
Q

cognitive domains affecting communication in CCI

A

attention, memory, executive function

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3
Q

impact of challenges with attention on communication

A

reduced attention span, reduced alternating and divided attention

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4
Q

impact of challenges with memory on communication

A

creating new memories, learning, and recall

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5
Q

impact of challenges with executive function on communication (6)

A

difficulty with creative thinking and cognitive flexibility, initiation, problem solving, decision making, and organizing

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6
Q

dementia medical diagnosis

A

a syndrome characterized by acquired persistent impairment of multiple cognitive domains such that social interactions, occupational functioning, and ability to perform ADLs are significantly impaired

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7
Q

medical diagnosis of stroke

A

loss of blood flow to the brain which damages brain tissue

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8
Q

medical diagnosis of TBI

A

traumatically induced structural injury or physiological disruption of brain function as a result of an external force that is indicated by new onset or worsening of any alteration in mental status, any loss of memory for events just before or after the injury, or any period of loss of or decreased level of consciousness immediately following the event

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9
Q

ABI (Acquired brain injury)

A

overall term for non-traumatic and traumatic brain injury

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10
Q

list irreversible dementias

A

cortical, subcortical, mixed

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11
Q

cortical dementia examples

A

Alzheimer’s, Lewy-body

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12
Q

subcortical dementia examples

A

Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, supramotor palsy

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13
Q

mixed dementia examples

A

vascular dementia, Korsakoff’s disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

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14
Q

MCI (Mild cognitive impairment)

A

The transition stage between the cognitive changes associated with healthy aging and those associated with dementia.
Amnestic: memory impairment
Non-amnestic: impairment of other cognitive functions

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15
Q

Alzheimer’s initial symptoms

A

Difficulties with ADLs

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16
Q

Frontotemporal dementia initial symptoms

A

Difficulties with behavior or language

17
Q

Lewy-body disease initial symptoms

A

Variability in cognition, attention, and alertness.

18
Q

Primary neural changes in Alzheimer’s

A

Neuretic plaques clump around amyloid-beta protein and neurofibrillary tangles get stuck together by tau protein.
Brain atrophy.

19
Q

Protective factors for Alzheimer’s (nun study)

A

positive emotions and outlook early in life.
Idea density.
College education/intellectual life.

20
Q

What type of dementia is PPA?

A

Primary progressive aphasia is the language variant of frontotemporal dementia.

21
Q

Role of SLP in dementia treatment

A

Maintenance of independent functioning and QOL via supported participation and engagement with an emphasis on personal relevance and contextual thinking.
Help them communicate more effectively so they stay engaged, which keeps QOL high.

22
Q

memory wallet

A

Portable book of cards containing pictures and words related to the client’s life. Loved ones, themselves doing favorite activities, names, common phrases.
Used as referent in convo.

23
Q

3 external memory strategies

A

memory aids: external devices used to support memory (planner, pill calendar, etc)
Memory wallets: small memory books designed to facilitate convos. Very specific info inside.
Sensory box/ sensory stimulation: familiar objects/smells/sounds are used to stimulate the senses of a person who is bedridden and unable to communicate (late stage dementia or emerging from coma). This can help them not become understimulated.

24
Q

Communication partner training definition and examples

A

Directly training communication partners to give person with communication difficulties support and processing time so they can understand conversation.
Slow rate of speech, chunk ideas and insert pauses, redundancy, write key words down to refer to

25
Q

TBI examples

A

Closed head injury that involves getting hit outside the head or is from acceleration and deceleration of the head. (motor vehicle accident, hitting head on something)
Open head injury that includes exposing the brain tissue or penetrating it. (gunshot, skull fracture)

26
Q

Non-traumatic brain injury

A

Not caused by external force.
Anoxia: no oxygen to brain.
Hypoxia: decreased oxygen to brain.
CVA
infectious disease
tumor

27
Q

define focal and diffuse

A

f: damage occurs in a specific location
d: damage occurs throughout brain

28
Q

primary focal effects of TBI

A

Injuries occurring in a specific place at time of trauma.
Skull fracture.
Contusion and laceration: coup/contrecoup injuries, small hemorrhage where brain hit skull, cellular tissue damage.
Hemorrhage and hematoma.

29
Q

primary diffuse effects of TBI

A

Injuries occurring throughout the brain at time of trauma.
Diffuse vascular injury: capillaries shearing
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI): axons shearing
Excitotoxicity: neuronal damage and death related to overactivation of glutamate receptors
Oxidative stress: imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant agents that results in neuronal dysfunction and death

30
Q

secondary effects of TBI

A

Injuries that occur after initial trauma as a reaction to primary injuries.
Ischemic and hypoxic damage, diffuse brain swelling and increased intracranial pressure, hypometabolism, neuroinflammation, infection.

31
Q

What is DAI

A

Diffuse axonal injury–usually what happens in concussion.
Rotational, acceleration, and deceleration forces cause axonal shearing.

32
Q

components used to describe TBI severity

A

CT scan, loss of consciousness, alteration of consciousness, post-traumatic amnesia, Glasgow Coma Scale

33
Q

Mild TBI

A

No CT scan done.
LOC 0-30 min
AOC moment-24 hrs
PTA: 0-24 hrs
GCS: highest 13-15

34
Q

moderate TBI

A

normal or abnormal CT scan.
LOC: >30 min <1 day.
AOC: >24hrs.
PTA: >1 day <1 week.
GCS: 9-12

35
Q

Severe TBI

A

normal or abnormal CT scan.
LOC: >1day
AOC: >1 week
PTA: >1 week
GCS: lowest 3-8

36
Q

constructional apraxia

A

Visuospatial and motor deficits causing left-neglect when drawing, errors in spatial relationships, fixating on details, and symbolizing details.

37
Q

hemispatial inattention

A

AKA Left-neglect in RHD.
Failure to respond to info presented on the side opposite brain lesion.

38
Q

Cognitive test an SLP can administer

A

CLQT or RBANS

39
Q

example of social communication treatment for CCI post TBI

A

GIST: Group interactive structured treatment to work on social strategies, goal setting, and self-assessment

CSD 470 (1 decks)

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