Dementia Flashcards
What is dementia?
a) a disease causing the progressive decline of cognition
b) a group of diseases impacting memory
c) a group of diseases characterised by progressive and irreversible decline
dementia is:
c) a group of diseases characterised by progressive irreversible decline
What are the risk factors for dementia?
a) vascular, psychiatric status, genetic background, hormonal changes, anticholinergic drugs
b) vascular, genetic background, hormonal changes
c) vascular, anticholinergenic drugs, downs syndrome, hormonal changes
the risk factors for dementia are:
a) vascular, psychiatric status, genetic background, hormonal changes, anticholinergic drugs
What are the characteristics of dementia?
a) memory loss, aphasia, apraxia, loss of recognition, loss of visuospatial functioning
b) memory loss, cognitive language difficulties, apraxia, vertigo
c) memory loss, aphasia, dysphagia, loss of recognition, loss of visuospatial functioning
What are the characteristics of dementia?
a) memory loss, aphasia, apraxia, loss of recognition, loss of visuospatial functioning
What role does an SLT have in dementia?
a) depends on individual cases
b) depends on individual cases but management and assessment of cognitive, communicative and swallowing difficulties
c) management and assessment of cognitive, psychosocial, emotional, communicative and swallowing difficulties
What role does an SLT have in dementia?
b) depends on individual cases but management and assessment of cognitive, communicative and swallowing difficulties
Which subtype of Dementia do these factors suggest?
- insidious onset
- progressive but slow decline
- due to amyloid or tau
RISK FACTORS: down syndrome, females, elevated homocysetine, advanced age, history of TBI, family history, life style
Affects: recent memory, language (verbal fluency and word finding), visuospatial dysfunction, ADLs deterioration, behaviour changes)
Alzheimer’s
Which subtype of Dementia do these factors suggest?
- intermediate state of fluctuating between normal cognitive aging and dementia
- amnestic or non-amnestic
RISK FACTORS: genetics, high BP, Diabetes, insufficient exercise or social or mental activity, short education
Affects: memory most commonly but also language, attention and judgement
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Which subtype of Dementia do these factors suggest?
- can be with or without Parkinson’s
- progressive with steady decline
Symptoms:
- fluctuating cognition
- visual hallucinations
- spontaneous extrapyramidal signs
- rapid eye movement
- antipsychotic sensitivity
Prognosis:
-survival of 5-7years after first symptoms
- accumulation of Lewy Bodies in vulnerable sites
- commonly misdiagnosed for Parkinson’s disease
Lewy Body Dementia
Which subtype of Dementia do these factors suggest?
- Behavioural and Language variants
- can be with or without Parkinsonism
- caused by FTD-Tau and FTD-Ubiquiton
Affects:
- personality
- social behaviour
- self regulation
- language
Cells in frontal and temporal lobe are damaged
Fronto temporal dementia
Which subtype of Dementia do these factors suggest?
- Major changes in personality
- stereotyped behaviour
- eating preferences change
- disinhibition
- loss of empathy
Causing:
- loss of insight
- emotional liabillity
- restlessness
- impulsiveness
- poor planning
- apathy
- poor self-care
- reduced verbal
- echolalia
Behavioural variant
Which subtype of Dementia do these factors suggest?
- abrupt symptoms
- sudden decline followed by plateaus
TYPES: multi-infarct dementia or small vessel disease
Cause:
- Infarction
- Leukoarosis
- Haemorrhage
- Mixed dementia
Affecting
- executive functions
- gait (unsteadiness, frequent falling)
- pseudobulbar palsy
- personality/mood changes
Vascular Dementia
What is small vessel disease?
a) narrowing of blood vessels causing slowing of thinking and problem solving difficulties
b) a series of small strokes causing slowing of thinking and problem solving difficulties
c) arterial blockage limiting the supply of blood to the brain
What is small vessel disease?
a) narrowing of blood vessels causing slowing of thinking and problem solving difficulties
What is multi-infarct disease?
a) a series of small strokes that gradually cause damage?
b) a series of small strokes that impair cognition
c) a series of strokes that result in Alzheimer’s
What is multi-infarct disease?
a) a series of small strokes that gradually cause damage?
What are some treatable causes of dementia?
a) benign tumours, hydrocephalus, infections, stroke
b) hydrocephalus, benign tumours, metabolic/endocrine disturbances, infections
c) hydrocephalus, metabolic/endocrine disturbances, haemorrhage, ischemia, lewy bodies in the cerebrum
b) hydrocephalus, benign tumours, metabolic/endocrine disturbances, infections
What is delirium?
a) acute, reversible stable decline of consciousness with difficulty in orientation and concentration
b) abrupt, acute, irreversible metabolically induced state of fluctuating consciousness causing rapid changes in concentration and orientation
c) acute, reversible, metabolically induced state of fluctuating consciousness with rapid changes in concentration and orientation
What is delirium?
c) acute, reversible, metabolically induced state of fluctuating consciousness with rapid changes in concentration and orientation
Delirium impacts:
a) perception, thinking and memory
b) cognition, problem solving and language
c) perception, attention and language
Delirium impacts:
a) perception, thinking and memory
