dementia

Question 1

visuoconstructional

Answer 1

assembly of items requiring hand-eye coordination (drawing, copying, block assembly)

Question 2

mild NCD (3)

Answer 2

modest decline
1 domain affected
preservation of independence

Question 3

major NCD (3)

Answer 3

severe decline
1+ domains affected
assoc with a loss of independence

Question 4

most common reversible cause of memory impairment

Answer 4

depression

Question 5

when to consider HIV as a cause of dementia

Answer 5

patient is under 55, CD4 is under 200

Question 6

when to consider imaging for dementia (5)

Answer 6

under 65, symptoms for less than 2 years, focal symptoms, symptoms suggest NPH, falls/trauma

Question 7

memory in normal aging

Answer 7

decline in processing and recall
reminders will help
no significant effects on ADLs

Question 8

depression and memory

Answer 8

impaired concentration
psychomotor delay
decreased motivation during interview
cognitive complaints exceed measured deficits

Question 9

delirium and memory

Answer 9

acute onset with fluctuations over hours to days

Question 10

most common cause of NCD

Answer 10

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 11

2nd m/c cause of NCD

Answer 11

vascular dementia

Question 12

m/c cause of NCD in patients under 55

Answer 12

AIDS

Question 13

main cognitive impairment in alzheimers

Answer 13

episodic memory and learning new information

Question 14

pathologic hallmarks of AD

Answer 14

deposition of amyloid beta-42 plaques

neurofibrillary tangles

Question 15

structural imaging in AD

Answer 15

global atrophy, decreased hippocampal volumes

Question 16

course of AD

Answer 16

steadily progressive, gradual decline

Question 17

CSF in AD

Answer 17

decreased amyloid levels

increased Tau levels

Question 18

m/c type of vascular dementia

Answer 18

multi-infarct

Question 19

what helps to differentiate vascular dementia from AD?

Answer 19

vascular- memory will improve with cues and recognition

Question 20

progression of vascular dementia

Answer 20

multi-infarct: step-wise progression

Question 21

major areas of decline in vascular dementia

Answer 21

complex attention
processing speed
frontal executive function

Question 22

psychiatric symptoms in lewy body dementia

Answer 22

complex visual hallucinations

Question 23

motor symptoms in lewy body dementia

Answer 23

parkinsonian symptoms present at least 1 year after the onset of cognitive symptoms

Question 24

supportive hx features of lewy body dementia (4)

Answer 24

falls, syncope, LOC, autonomic dysfunction

Question 25

functional imaging in levy body dementia

Answer 25

reduced occipital activity

Question 26

core criteria for lewy body dementia 3

Answer 26

variations in attention/alertness
visual hallucinations
features of PD after cognitive decline

Question 27

suggestive criteria for lewy body dementia 2

Answer 27

meets criteria for REM sleep disorder

severe neuroleptic medication sensitivity

Question 28

behavioral symptoms of frontotemporal dementia (6)

Answer 28

disinhibition, apathy, loss of sympathy, compulsive behavior, hyperorality, hoarding

Question 29

frontotemporal dementia has sparing of-

Answer 29

learning, memory and perceptual-motor function

Question 30

rarely, frontotemporal dementia is associated with -

Answer 30

ALS

Question 31

prominent types of delusions seen in dementia

Answer 31

paranoia/persecutory delusions

Question 32

prominent type of hallucinations in dementia

Answer 32

visual hallucinations

Question 33

agitation may be the only presenting symptom of-

Answer 33

acute condition (pneumonia, UTI, arthritis, pain)