Dementia

Question 1

Imaging of Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 1

Hippocampal and diffuse cortical atrophy

Question 2

CSF in Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 2

Beta amyloid - decreased

Tau - increased

Question 3

Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 3

Presenilin-1 - chromosome 14 – early onset familial
Presenilin-2 - chromosome 1 – early onset familial
Homozygous e4 - chromosome 19 – sporadic or late onset familial

Question 4

Average survival - Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 4

8-10 years

Question 5

Treating Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 5

Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
Memantine

Question 6

Symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies

Answer 6

Waxing and waning level of consciousness, visuospatial impairment, visual hallucinations, delusions/psychosis and Parkinsonism

Question 7

Imaging of dementia with Lewy bodies

Answer 7

Low dopamine transporter activity in the striatum

Occipital hypoperfusion or hypometabolism

Question 8

Treating dementia with Lewy bodies

Answer 8

Treat symptoms
Parkinsonism - levodopa
Hallucinations - cholinesterase inhibitors
Depression - SSRIs

Question 9

Symptoms of vascular dementia

Answer 9

Stepwise decline in neurologic function and/or focal neurological deficits

Question 10

Risk factors for vascular dementia

Answer 10

HTN, diabetes, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, stroke

Question 11

Imaging of corticobasal degeneration

Answer 11

Atrophy of the frontal and parietal lobes with sparing of temporal and occipital lobes on MRI

Question 12

Symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus

Answer 12

Dementia, gait disturbance, urinary incontinence

Question 13

Imaging of normal pressure hydrocephalus

Answer 13

Increased ventricle size on head CT

Question 14

What is the most common cause of dementia.

Answer 14

Alzheimer’s disease