Dementia Flashcards
which cognitive disorder is global (affects all areas of functioning)
dementia
what is a cognitive disorder that develops gradually & is progressive
dementia
what do the ventricles look like in dementia
enlarged
what does the PET scan of an alzheimer’s brain look like
⬇️ metabolism in the brain
abnormal clusters of beta-amyloid protein fragments that build up between nerve cells
plaques
what clumps cause inflammation & destruction of nerve cells in the brain
plaques
twisted strands of tau protein that result in cell death
tangles
which type of dementia is genetic
early onset
high levels of which amino acid is r/t ⬆️ risk for alzheimers
homocysteine
what 3 things can be used to reduce homocystein levels
folic acid
B6
B12
which 2 metabolic disorders can ⬆️ r/f dementia if untreated
hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia
what is the onset of dementia
gradual (years)
what is the duration of dementia
years
the loss of ablility to express thoughts in writing
agraphia
inability to understand written language
alexia
loss of perceptual ability to recognize objects
agnosia
pt repeats the same word, phrase, or question over and over
perservation
occurs as dementia progresses & pt tells stories to cover thier time lapses
confabulation
which stage of alzheimers is ther disorientation of time
stage I
which stage of alzheimers has difficulty with judgement
stage I
which stage of alzheimers has depression & anxiety
stage I
which stage of alzheimers is the pt aware of the losses
stage I
which stage of alzheimers does the pt have difficulty w/ math, attention, planning
stage I
which stage of alzheimers can new information not be retained
stage II
which stage of alzheimers has remote memory loss; gaps in memory
stage II
which stage of alzheimers has an ⬆️ in incontinence
stage II
which stage of alzheimers may cause sundowning
stage II
which stage of alzheimers has hyperorality
stage III
which stage of alzheimers has hyperetamorphosis
stage III
which stage of alzheimers has personality changes
stage III
which type of med may be effective in slowing the progression of dementia
cholinesterase inhibitors
what are good ways to help w/ nutrition in dementia pts
observe for swallowing problems
finger foods
offer fluids frequently
what hormone is ⬆️ w/ cholinesterase inhibitors
acetylcholine
which mad has s/e N, D, ha, insomnia, dizziness, abnormal dreams, depression
acholinesterase inhibitors
what causes a cholinergic reaction
cholinesterase inhibitors
what are s/s of cholinergic reaction
N, sweating, ⬇️ pulse, ⬇️ BP, respiratory depression, seizure, death
what type of drug is Cognex
cholinesterase inhibitor
what type of drug is Reminyl
cholinesterase inhibitor
what type of drug is Exelon
cholinesterase inhibitor
what type of drug is Aricept
cholinesterase inhibitor
what do neurotransmitter inhibitors increase
Glutamate
which med slows the progression of dementia in the mid-late stages
neurotransmitter inhibitors
what med has s/e - ha, dizziness, confusion, constipation, htn, cough
neurotransmitter inhibitors
what type of drug is Namenda
neurotransmitter inhibitor
