Dement n Kleitman Flashcards
Our sleep cycle consists of _________ stages.
a) 3 NREM stages and 1 REM stage
b) 4 NREM stages and 1 REM stage
(a) 3 NREM stages and 1 REM stage
Which of the following statements is false?
a) REM stage is characteristic of dreaming and rapid-eye-movement.
b) Participants woken up from NREM sleep reported recollection of vivid dreams.
c) Biological processes of sleep and dreaming, particularly the REM stage; also known as paradoxical sleep
(b) Participants woken up from NREM sleep reported recollection of vivid dreams.
Dement and Kleitman tested a total of 3 hypotheses.
State these hypotheses in order
Hypothesis 1: Does dream recall differ between REM and nREM stages?
Hypothesis 2: Is there a positive correlation between subjective estimates of dream duration and the length of REM period before waking? ◦
Hypothesis 3: Are eye movement patterns in REM stages related to dream content?
Since the question is asking for hypotheses, these necessarily have to be questions. Stating aims of Dement and Kleitman’s study will not be marked.
‘A prior study by Arensky and Kleitman (1955) studied REM patterns and dreams in normal and schizophrenia participants’.
Is this statement True or False?
true
Dement and Kleitman’s study was a __________ experiment, conducted in ___________.
a) Natural experiment, Stanford University
b) Laboratory experiment, Stanford University
c) Natural experiment, University of Chicago
d) Laboratory experiment, University of Chicago
d) Laboratory experiment, University of Chicago
Seven males and two females were studied in detail to test the three hypotheses.’
Is this statement true or false?
FALSE
Seven male and two female adults were used, five of whom were studied in detail.
The remaining four were used to confirm the results of the first five.
Identify and state any one IV and its respective DV from Dement and Kleitman’s study.
IV = REM and NREM sleep
DV = Number of dreams recalled
The study by Dement and Kleitman used ____________ measures design.
a) Independent
b) Repeated
c) Matched-pair
(b) Repeated
Name two controls used in Dement and Kleitman’s study.
1) All participants were asked to refrain from caffeine and alcohol consumption before the study.
2) All participants were asked to report to the laboratory at their normal bedtime.
Dream content from each participant was elicited by using:
a) Unstructured interviews
b) A recorder
c) Open-ended questionnaires
(b) A recorder
To prove the second hypothesis, participants were woken up at either ____ minutes or ______ minutes into the REM sleep.
5 minutes or 15 minutes
Dement and Kleitman’s study had:
a) Low ecological validity and low test-retest reliability
b) High ecological validity and low test-retest reliability
c) Low ecological validity and high test-retest reliability
(c) Low ecological validity and high test-retest reliability
Conclusions derived from Dement and Kleitman’s study incline towards:
(a) Nature
(b) Nurture
(a) Nature
State one ethical guideline that was acted upon in Dement and Kleitman’s study.
The confidentiality of all participants was maintained. Instead of names, initials were used for example: participant WD
‘Dement and Kleitman’s study has a high practical application because all hypotheses were proven.’
Is this statement true or false?
FALSE
Dement and Kleitman’s study have a high practical application.
However, this is because the conclusions can potentially help those with sleep disorders instead of the reason solely being that the hypotheses were proven right.
