Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreaming) Flashcards
a) From the study by Dement and Kletiman, give two measures that the researchers made while their subjects were sleeping. [2] b) What did their measurements tell them about the pattern of normal sleep? [2]
a) The measures that the researchers made were observed through an EEG machine. These measures were to observe brain activity through electrical signals on the machine, and to directly observe both the direction and the amount of eye movement during participant’s sleep.
b) Their measurements told them that REM sleep would occur every 92 minutes of sleep after the first stage of sleep, and would last for 20 minutes.
From the study by Dement and Kletiman, give two measures that the researchers made while their subjects were sleeping. [2]
The measures that the researchers made were observed through an EEG machine. These measures were to observe brain activity through electrical signals on the machine, and to directly observe both the direction and the amount of eye movement during participant’s sleep.
What did Dement and Kletiman’s measurements while thier subjects were sleeping tell them about the pattern of normal sleep? [2]
Their measurements told them that REM sleep would occur every 92 minutes of sleep after the first stage of sleep, and would last for 20 minutes.
a) From the study by Dement and Kleitman, what does an EEG record? [2]
b) Outline one problem with using an EEG to record dreaming. [2]
a) An electroencephalogram (EEG machine) records brain activity through measuring electrical activity from impulses from different areas of the brain.
b) One problem with using EEG to record brain activity is that it works by using electrodes, which when attached to the head of a participant means they have to sleep on their backs which may not be natural for them. The electrodes used for the EEG may disturb normal sleeping patterns, making results less valid.
From the study by Dement and Kleitman, what does an EEG record? [2]
An electroencephalogram (EEG machine) records brain activity through measuring electrical activity from impulses from different areas of the brain.
Outline one problem with using an EEG to record dreaming (in the Dement and Kleitman study). [2]
One problem with using EEG to record brain activity is that it works by using electrodes, which when attached to the head of a participant means they have to sleep on their backs which may not be natural for them. The electrodes used for the EEG may disturb normal sleeping patterns, making results less valid.
From the study by Dement and Kleitman, give four characteristics of REM sleep. [4]
Four characteristics of REM sleep are that they never occur during the first stage of sleep; occur every 92 minutes; last 20 minutes; and happen fast with low EEG voltage.
a) In the Dement and Kleitman study, what was the sample? [2]
b) Explain one problem with this sample. [2]
a) The sample of this study are 7 males and 2 females, where 5 participants were studied in-depth and the data from remaining participants was used to back these in-depth studies up.
b) One problem with this sample is that it is androcentric as only 2 females were used (as opposed to 7 males), meaning results about sleep and dreaming patterns cannot be easily generalised to both genders, especially with such a small sample size.
In the Dement and Kleitman study, what was the sample? [2]
The sample of this study are 7 males and 2 females, where 5 participants were studied in-depth and the data from remaining participants was used to back these in-depth studies up.
Explain one problem with the sample in the Dement and Kleitman study. [2]
One problem with this sample is that it is androcentric as only 2 females were used (as opposed to 7 males), meaning results about sleep and dreaming patterns cannot be easily generalised to both genders, especially with such a small sample size.
