Demand Flashcards
Why is understanding and knowing electrical load important?
- To build adequate network and generation capacity
- operate networks efficiently
- meet electricity demand
- optimize energy costs
What factors affect the total electrical load of an area?
Population, living standards, economics, climate and other factors
What is domestic load?
The total energy consumed by household electrical appliances such as lights fans refrigerators air conditioners and heaters
What appliances are included in commercial loads?
Appliances in shops offices markets restaurants and advertisements including fans air conditioning and heating systems
What constitutes industrial load?
Electrical demand from small, medium and large-scale industries, with induction motors forming a major component of the load. dependent on frequency and voltage
What is a resistive load and how does it work?
A resistive load obstructs electrical energy flow converting it into thermal energy with current and voltage in sync
What are common examples of resistive loads?
Toasters ovens and space heaters
How does an inductive load function?
It uses wire coils to create inductive fields with current peaking after voltage
What are common examples of inductive loads?
Dishwashers, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners and electric motors
What is a capacitive load?
A load where current peaks before voltage commonly used to support inductive loads
What are examples of capacitive loads?
Capacitor banks and three-phase induction motor starting circuits
What is a load profile?
The variation of load concerning time plotted as power versus time
What factors affect domestic load profiles?
House income, number of bedrooms, number of inhabitants, education level, house type and weather
What challenges exist in commercial and industrial load profiles?
High demand uncertainties causing significant challenges in network planning and operation
What is load factor in power systems?
It is the ratio of actual kilowatt-hours (kWh) delivered to the total possible kWh that could be delivered over a specific period
What is a load duration curve (LDC)?
shows how power demand varies over time, helping to determine the generating capacity needed to meet peak demand and assess how efficiently the electricity is used.
How is a load duration curve obtained?
By plotting load profiles in descending order of load magnitudes with respect to time
What is the practical use of a load duration curve?
It helps design baseload and peak load power plants by indicating how long specific load levels are required
What is an electricity tariff?
It is the price at which electricity is sold to consumers varying by country and city
What are the main objectives of electricity tariffs?
- To recover electricity generation cost.
- To recover cost due to electricity lost during
transmission and distribution. - To recover network investment and maintenance cost.
- To earn a reasonable profit on the total investment.
What are important features of electricity tariffs?
Return, fairness, simplicity and attractiveness
What is a simple tariff?
A fixed rate per unit of energy consumed regardless of usage amount
What are the advantages of a simple tariff?
It is easy to understand apply and ensures consumers pay according to their energy usage
What are the disadvantages of a simple tariff?
No consumer type discrimination, no incentives and no charges if electricity is not used
