Deloatch Training (IICRC WRT) Study Deck Flashcards
Prepare for the IICRC Water Restoration Technician (WRT) Certification Exam. For the full class, visit https://www.deloatchtraining.com/ With special thanks to Bruce and Joanna Deloatch
Third party experts are commonly referred to as Indoor Environmental
Professionals, or ________.
Chapter 3
IEP’s
Restorers must maintain their safety certified equipment properly. This includes
replacing ___________ that are damaged, replacing damaged inlet and outlet
__________, and checking for ______________ electrical plugs.
Chapter 8
cords
screens
grounded
If a structure cannot be warmed to a temperature where LGRs would be effective,
the most efficient type of dehumidifier to use would be: refrigerant / desiccant
Chapter 8
Dessicant
Whenever carpet must be disengaged from the tackless strip, a ___________
_________ and carpet awl must be used.
Chapter 4
- Knee Kicker
Class 1 water intrusions involve the ________ amount of water absorption, with
less than ____% of the area surfaces being wet porous materials.
Chapter 8
least
5%
When carpet delamination (the loss of integrity in the adhesives used to laminate
the _____________________ and ________________________ backings) has occurred,
further damage is very likely. For this reason, when extensive carpet delamination
is discovered, technicians must call it to the attention of all materially interested
parties, document the condition and suggest __________________.
Chapter 3
- Primary
- Secondary
- Replacement
Which of these surface temperatures would promote the most rapid evaporation?
a. 60 degrees
b. 70 degrees
c. 80 degrees
Chapter 7
C. 80 Degrees
When water intrusion results from a grossly unsanitary source or carries
___________________ (disease causing) agents, it is said to be Category 3.
Chapter 3
Pathogenic
Remove the vinyl (flooring) and discard it if the _____________________ is
saturated and/or damaged; vinyl is a vapor barrier and the time required to dry underlayment will be dramatically reduced if the vinyl is removed.
Chapter 9
Sub Floor
Wet materials present in a Class 4 water intrusion require a ________ time to dry.
Water has saturated deeply into the materials and is held or trapped as bound
water. Low evaporation materials have ______________ absorption of water.
Chapter 8
longer
Significant
If the rate of evaporation is allowed to exceed the rate of dehumidification,
____________________ ________________ can occur.
Chapter 8
Secondary Damage
__________________occurs when liquid changes to a vapor. Occurs as energy is
increased.
Chapter 7
Evaporation
Describe a Closed Drying System
Chapter 7
Using mechanical dehumidification only
Use your Psychrometric Chart to complete the following calculation:
80°F at 60% RH = _____________________ GPP
Chapter 7
92
When using low grain refrigerant (LGR) dehumidifiers that remove 72 pints at
AHAM test conditions, the number installed initially on a Class 2 water loss with 18,000 cubic ft. is:
Refrigerant Formula (always divide)
1. Cubic Footage ÷ Chart Factor = Total PPD (Pints Per Day) Removal Recommendation
2. Total PPD Removal Recommendation ÷ Dehumidifier AHAM Rating = # of Dehumidifiers
Refrigerant Formula (always divide)
Chapter 8
5 LGR Dehumidifiers
18000/50=360/72=5
Restorers will know the drying job is dry and done when moisture meters verify that the structure has reached the ___________ _________.
Chapter 10
Drying Goals
The ultimate goal is to find the “edge” of water migration, which moves in a threedimensional path throughout the structure. This is accomplished across carpeted
surfaces using a ______________ _______________, and across most hard surfaces
using a ____________________________ (non-penetrating) moisture meter.
Chapter 3
- Moisture Sensor
- Non Invaisive
- Evaporation will increase when
Chapter 7
- Wet materials are made warmer
- Drier air is used
- Air is moved rapidy across the wet surface
____________________ ______________________ is defined as the amount of
moisture contained in an air sample, as compared to the maximum amount the air
could hold at that temperature.
Chapter 7
Relative Humidity
Losses where regulated or hazardous materials have contaminated the structure
do not change the _______________________ of water.
Chapter 3
Category
Hygroscopic materials gain and lose moisture continually in an effort to
___________________ with the water content in the surrounding air mass. The
more hygroscopic the material, the faster it will collect water vapor, and the easier
it will suffer ________________________ damage.
Chapter 3
- Equalize
- Secondary
Every cubic foot of standing water present in a structure contains __________
gallons (28.3 liters), and each gallon (3.8 liters) of water weighs 8.34 pounds (3.8
kg).
Chapter 4
7.48
The contract clearly states the agreement between the building owner and the
restoration contractor. The form specifies who is responsible for payment and
should be signed _________ work begins.
Chapter 3
Before
Dehumidification reduces the _______________________ content of the air.
Chapter 8
moisture
What does a Sterilizer do?
Chapter 5
Kills all organisms and spores
What does a Disinfectant do?
Chapter 5
Lowers Organisms to safe Level
Most antimicrobials require that the area of application be vacated by ___________
and pets during application and for a period of time after application.
Chapter 5
Occupants
___________________ is the temperature at which air becomes saturated with
moisture and can hold no more water vapor.
Chapter 7
Dew Point
If a structure had affected air at 85 F at 65% RH, the most efficient type of
dehumidifier to use would be a (choose one): refrigerant / desiccant
Chapter 8
Refrigerant
Airflow in the wall cavity increases the rate of ____________________ and allows
the wall to dry from both inside and out
Chapter 9
Evaporation
The numerical value from a moisture meter can be documented and used to
monitor progress. For this reason, the amount of moisture absorbed by semiporous structural materials is measured most accurately with a moisture
___________, not a moisture sensor.
Chapter 6
Meter
During the drying process, all of the gypsum’s original strength is restored. In fact, the dried gypsum will normally be slightly _________________ than before wetting.
Chapter 9
stronger
The ability for water vapor to diffuse through a solid material is expressed as the material’s __________________.
Chapter 7
Permeance
Federal regulations apply to handling or disturbing of _________ based paint and
asbestos.
Chapter 3
Lead
Water vapor pressure is the force that drives higher concentrations of humidity from one space to another in an attempt to seek _________________ with lower concentrations of water vapor.
Chapter 7
Equalibrium
What is the name of this drying system?
- Outside Humidity is Lower
- Outside Temperature is NOT above 70 Degrees Fahrenheit
Chapter 7
Combo
If the carpet is to be re-installed, technicians should avoid cutting carpet seams
unless it is absolutely___________________.
Chapter 4
Necesary
_________________ represents the “was-wood” material with the least engineering, and thus the most natural fiber bonding. It is ________________ to swelling and delamination due to its wood veneer assemblies which are glued under extreme pressure.
Chapter 9
- Plywood
- Resistant
Cupping will generally be the first indication of abnormal moisture levels in
hardwood flooring as the ________________ and sides of the board absorb moisture
Chapter 9
Bottom
Establishing a _________ __________ is the best way to set restorative drying
goals.
Chapter 6
Dry Standard
. __________________occurs when vapor changes to a liquid. Occurs as energy is
removed.
Chapter 7
Condensation
As with any contaminant, mold should be removed or contained before any air movers are placed in the structure. Blowing air can spread mold spores from the _____________________ area to the ________________ rooms.
Chapter 10
- Affected
- Unaffected
To evaluate the progress of structural drying projects, restorers should measure:
- Moisture in ____________ being dried (moisture content readings)
- _____ being used to dry affected materials (psychrometric readings)
- _____ produced by mechanical systems (dehumidifiers)
Chapter 6
- Materials
- Air
- Air
Which drying system is best?
Outside
95 Degrees / 45% RH
Affected Area
80 Degrees / 50% RH
Chapter 7
Closed
Outside 92 GPP, Inside 76 GPP, More Humidity Outside
The best way to prevent odors and retard microbial growth in a wet structure is to ensure that all materials are dried ____________ and ____________________.
Chapter 10
- Thoroughly
- Rapidly
Install ____ air mover for each ___________ area before you calculate additional air
movers for the square feet of surfaces and for room offsets.
Chapter 8
1
affected
Because of their non-invasive nature and quick surveying capabilities, noninvasive meters are the most effective tools for locating abnormal moisture behind
and beneath finishing materials such as ___________ _______________ and resilient
___________ floor coverings.
Chapter 6
- Ceramic Tile
- Vinyl
Partial floating of carpet can be a way to achieve drying of all surfaces
simultaneously and allows _____________ dry air to have more contact with wet
flooring.
Chapter 9
Warm
Wet particle board would normally be ________________________ and replaced.
Chapter 9
Removed
Plastic Laminate Flooring is made of MDF and has a resin saturated appearance layer. Normally _________________ in water restoration due to its construction and installation components.
Chapter 9
removed
When ceilings are affected, drying procedures are similar to wall drying. If theceiling is sagging or otherwise damaged, wet drywall is drained, ________________ and _________________. Removal should be done _______ drying procedures begin or continue.
Chapter 9
- Removed
- Dicarded
- Before
When the presence of mold is suspected, it is important to communicate with all parties and use appropriate ____________________________ measures.
Chapter 10
Protective
Dry rot (wood rot) can occur when wood is visibly dry yet wetter than
___________% moisture content.
Chapter 10
20%
Describe and Open Drying System
Chapter 7
Intentionally use outdoor air to lower indoor humidity
Pre-existing conditions should be identified, documented and communicated to all
________________ ________________________ parties during the initial inspection.
Chapter 3
Materially Interested
If surfaces are ________________________ than the dew point of the surrounding
air, water will condense on those surfaces and possibly cause secondary damage.
Chapter 7
Cooler
A dry standard is established by obtaining a moisture reading using
an _____________________ material.
Chapter 6
Unaffected
Vapor pressure, dew point and humidity ratio (GPP) are ___________ ___________
to each other. When one increases, the other two _____________. When one
decreases, the other two _____________.
Chapter 7
- Directly Related
- Decrease
- Increase
When using desiccant dehumidification in a Class 4 water loss in a 2,000 square ft. structure with a 9-foot ceiling height, the initial CFM required is:
Desiccant Formula (divide by 60 for base CFM. Then multiply by ACH)
1. Cubic Footage × Chart Factor (ACH) ÷ 60 = Total CFM Recommendation
2. Total CFM Recommendation ÷ Dehumidifier CFM Rating = # of Dehumidifiers
Chapter 8
900 CFM
20009=180003=54000/60=900 CFM
Describe a Combo Drying System
Chapter 7
Unsing some outdoor air combined with mechanical dehumidification
The majority of cushion has a skin or mesh on the top side. The purpose of this
skin is to ease _____________ _____________________ during installation; it is not a
vapor barrier
Chapter 4
Carpet Stretching
When using conventional refrigerant dehumidifiers that remove 125 pints at
AHAM test conditions, the number installed initially on a Class 1 water loss with 25,000 cubic ft. is:
Refrigerant Formula (always divide)
1. Cubic Footage ÷ Chart Factor = Total PPD (Pints Per Day) Removal Recommendation
2. Total PPD Removal Recommendation ÷ Dehumidifier AHAM Rating = # of Dehumidifiers
Chapter 8
2 Conventional Dehumidifiers
25000/100=250/125=2
How many gallons of water are present in a basement that measures 30’ × 25’
where water is standing at a depth of 6’ 9”?
(L * W) = SqFt * (H) = CuFt * 7.48 = Gallons
Chapter 4
37867.5 Gallons
Various cleaning and decontamination procedures must be used on Category 3
water losses, including the removal of all ________________ _________________ materials affected by the water intrusion.
Chapter 3
Highly Porous
If surfaces are ________________________ than the dew point of the surrounding air, evaporation can occur
Chapter 7
Warmer
Cupping in hardwood is not _____________________ damage, and should be dried in most cases.
Chapter 9
Permanent
If open drying is determined appropriate, the following options (while keeping building security in mind) are available to the restorer:
Chapter 7
- Open Windows
- Using Ventilation Fans in Structure
- Use of air movers to exchange air
- Using Heat/Air Exchanger
If the surface temperature of the material is higher than the ___________ point
temperature of the surrounding air, evaporation may occur.
Chapter 7
Dew
In the restorative drying industry the weight measurement used to measure water
vapor in air is grains per pound of air, abbreviated as GPP. This is called
_______________ _______________.
Chapter 7
Humidity Ratio
SignificantClass 2 water intrusions involve a ______________ amount of water absorption,
with more than ___% but less than ____% of area surfaces being wet porous
materials.
Chapter 8
Significant
5%
40%
Cleaning procedures must be employed before the drying of a Category 2 water
loss can continue. At a minimum, affected ________________ must be removed
and disposed of, and carpet must be thoroughly cleaned using a hot water
extraction method.
Chapter 3
Carpet Underlayment
_____________ _____________ is the force exerted by a gas (vapor molecules) on the surrounding environment.
Chapter 7
Vapor Pressure
Restorers must use a third party (IEP) in situations that involve severe public
health issues, _________ _________ occupants living or working in the structure,
or extensive _________________________ contamination that can affect worker or
occupant health.
Chapter 10
- High Risk
- Microbial
Respiratory protection regulations state that the employer must provide:
Chapter 2
Medical Examinations
Fit Testing
Training
When using conventional refrigerant dehumidifiers in a “Class 2” water loss
containing 15,000 cubic ft., the initial AHAM-rated capacity required is:
Refrigerant Formula (always divide)
1. Cubic Footage ÷ Chart Factor = Total PPD (Pints Per Day) Removal Recommendation
2. Total PPD Removal Recommendation ÷ Dehumidifier AHAM Rating = # of Dehumidifiers
Chapter 8
375 PPD
(15000/40=375)
After safety concerns have been addressed and the initial water source has been
stopped, the restorer must complete an evaluation of the water’s migration
through the structure. During this process, the restorer inspects all
_________________ ____________________ areas.
Chapter 3
Potentially Affected
As moisture evaporates from a wet material, the surface of the material becomes
___________________ because energy is released from the material.
Chapter 7
Cooler
When water intrusion results in water running through wall cavities, inspection
access holes are used to ensure that blown-in insulation has not compacted and
lost its __________________. Wet, compressed insulation should be ____________.
Chapter 3
- R-Value
- Removed
To help protect technicians from the many hazards associated with contaminated
water losses, restorers need to have ready access to several items. These items
protect for all ____________________ _________________ to the body.
Chapter 2
Potential Exposures
There are three levels of biocidal activity, according to the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) [Name the three types]
Chapter 5
- Disinfectants
- Sanitizers
- Sterilizers
To determine how many dehumidifiers to place
1. Determine the _____________ feet (meters) affected or volume of air to be 1. dehumidified by multiplying the area’s length × width × height.
2. Note the dehumidifier rating (Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers, or AHAM, rating) of the refrigerant/LGR dehumidifier being used, or the process-out CFM of the desiccant dehumidifier being used. Dehumidifiers’ AHAM ratings are measured in pints of water removed at _____°F, ____% RH for _____ hours.
Chapter 8
cubic
80
60
24
Water that has a significant degree of chemical, biological and/or physical
contamination and a potential to cause sickness or discomfort is
__________________ ____.
Chapter 3
Category 2
What is the name of this drying system?
- Outside Humidity is Lower
- Outside Temperature is above 70 Degrees Fahrenheit
- Security, Weather and Customer Preference Agreeable
Chapter 7
Open
In structures where the surface of the wall is covered with a non-________________ surface as a vapor barrier, it may be necessary to remove base molding, drill holes and introduce air movement.
Chapter 9
Permeable
The most critical course of action in restorative drying is to ___________________
_______________ and begin __________________ as soon as possible.
Chapter 1
- Respond Quickly
- Mitigation
LGRs produce lower ______ ____________ than conventional refrigerants and continue to remove significant water vapor down to ______ GPP.
Chapter 8
- vapor Pressure or Humidity Ratio or Dew Point Temp
- 34
Water from a clean source with no substantial risk of causing sickness or
discomfort is said to be _____________________ ____ water.
Chapter 3
Category 1
Which of the two conditions above has the lowest vapor pressure?
a. 80°F at 60% RH = 92 GPP, .615 Vapor Pressure
b. 53°F at 80% RH = 48 GPP, .315 Vapor Pressure
Chapter 7
B. .315
Use your Psychrometric Chart to complete the following calculation:
53°F at 80% RH = _____________________ GPP
Chapter 7
48
- Which of these surface temperatures would have the fastest rate of evaporation?
a. 10° below dew point
b. 20° above dew point
c. 30° above dew point
Chapter 7
C. 30° above dew point
What is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit if the humidity ratio is
70 GPP, and the relative humidity is 60%?
Chapter 7
72 Degrees
Inspections are more consistent when the overall goals are kept in mind:
a. Determine how wet items are:
* Monitor ____________ in most circumstances.
* Use the same ____________ in the same locations each day.
b. Determine if wet items are ________________.
c. Determine if ________ items are dry (done).
Chapter 10
- Daily
- Meter
- Drying
- Affected
Whenever a chemical antimicrobial or biocide is used, restorers must follow the
label ________________ explicitly
Chapter 5
Directions
Which drying system is best?
Outside
40 Degrees / 70% RH
Affected Area
75 Degrees / 40% RH
Chapter 7
Closed/Combo
Outside 25 GPP, Inside 51GPP, Lower than 70 Degrees. Could Burp the space to lower humidity
There are a number of causes for carpet delamination — many of them related to
___________________________ restoration activities.
Chapter 3
Improper
The wood is considered dry when:
a. Solid hardwood is within ____ percentage points of normal Equilibrium Moisture Content (Dry Standard).
b. Subsurfaces below hardwood are dried to within _____-____ percentage points of the hardwood.
c. After wood flooring has been dried to acceptable moisture content, appropriate ____________ time should be allowed before refinishing.
Chapter 10
- 2-4
- 2-4
- acclimation
Class 3 water intrusions involve the ____________ amount of water absorption,
with more than ____% of area surfaces being wet porous materials.
Chapter 8
Greatest
40%
All restorers should follow the standard of care for the water restoration profession
developed by the restoration industry entitled the IICRC _____________________.
Chapter 1
S 500
As the water is rapidly evaporated, the water vapor is removed by
_________________________ or _____________________.
Chapter 7
- Dehumidification
- Ventilation
A room with water damage measures 16 feet × 12 feet.
Water has wetted all of the flooring in the room.
* The flooring is wet in an offset measuring
10 feet × 4 feet.
* Water is wicking up the walls less than 2
feet except for Wall A, measuring
12 feet × 8 feet.
* Water came down from above to wet all of
Wall A but not the ceiling.
The number of air movers to install will be:
________ for the room.
________ for the floors.
________ for the walls.
________ for the offset.
The total number of air movers required is ____ – ____.
Chapter 8
7-8
* Room: 1
* Floor: 1 for every 50-70 Sqft of affected wet floor (1612=192+(104)=232
232/70 = 3.314 (min) Round up to 4
232/50 = 4.65 (max) Round up to 5
* One airmover for every 10-150 Sqft of wet ceiling and Wall areas above 24” (less than 100 sqft add 1) (8-2)=6*12=72/100=.72 Round up to 1
* add one for every wall inset and offset greater than 18” 1
Which drying system is best?
Outside
75 Degrees / 20% RH
Affected Area
70 Degrees / 60% RH
Chapter 7
Open/Closed/Combo
Outside 26 GPP, Inside 65 GPP, Above 70 Degrees AND Lower Humidity Could use Open if weather and Security not an issue. Could also Burp the space to lower humidity.
What is the name of this drying system?
- Outside Humidity is NOT Lower
*Outside Temperature is above 70 Degrees Fahrenheit
Chapter 7
Closed
A balanced drying system is achieved when the rate of dehumidification is greater
than or equal to the rate of _____________________________.
Chapter 8
evaporation
. _______________________________ drying systems merge the benefits of both open and closed drying: the use of available, dry air from outside and the control offered by a closed system and mechanical dehumidification.
Chapter 7
Combo/Combination
After excess water has been extracted, the time needed to dry wet materials is
determined by the _____________________________________________________.
Chapter 7
Rate of evaporation
Moisture documentation of restoration work should include each of the following components:
a. Record of _________________ Content (RMC)
b. Moisture Map — a diagram or sketch indicating the boundaries and
moisture levels of the affected area
c. Record of _____________ Conditions (RDC), or Daily Humidity Record.
Chapter 10
- Moisture
- Drying
Elevating the temperature of a material will increase the _______________
_____________ associated with the moisture in the material.
Chapter 7
Vapor Pressure
When resistance is encountered and performing proper services in a Category 3
water loss becomes a challenge, restorers ________ immediately to prevent liability and address the conflict.
Chapter 3
Stop Work
When the air temperature increases, it can hold _________________ water vapor.
Chapter 7
More
Because desiccant dehumidifiers do not use condensation to remove water, they
are not limited by low dew point temperatures; therefore, they produce the lowest
_____________ ___________ of any dehumidifier.
Chapter 8
Vapor Pressure
Refrigerant dehumidifiers remove water from the air through the process of
_________________________. Because of this fact, they are more efficient in higher
humidity conditions. Refrigerant dehumidifiers work best between ____° and
____° F.
Chapter 8
Condensation
70 Degrees
90 Degrees
Many building materials will absorb excess water vapor and suffer damage,
especially when air is allowed to remain above ________% relative humidity.
Chapter 3
60
What is the surface temperature at which condensation would become a
risk for air which is 80°F at 60%? _______________________
Chapter 7
64-65 Degrees
A thermo-hygrometer is used to monitor any air that can influence the
___________________ and/or _______________________ _______________________
within a restorative drying environment.
Chapter 6
- Temperature
- Humidity
The primary goal of the initial extraction of the affected area is to contain further
____________________ of the water within the structure.
Chapter 4
Mitigation
Worker and occupant ________________ and safety are the first priority on every
sewage loss. Areas affected by Category 3 water intrusion are marked and posted
as potentially hazardous.
Chapter 3
Health
What does a Sanitizer do?
Chapter 5
Kills or inactivates most organisms but not spores
The technician’s first responsibility when arriving at a water damage site is to
identify, communicate and eliminate ______________ _________________ if
reasonably possible
Chapter 3
Safety Hazards
When air is cooled, its capacity for water vapor is reduced. Eventually, if
temperature is cooled enough, the relative humidity will reach ______________ or saturation. When this occurs, the air has reached its ________ point temperature.
Chapter 7
- 100%
- Dew
If a material is not drying well, what would be the most effective method of
increasing evaporation?
a. Use air filtration
b. Warm the material
c. Add more airflow
Chapter 7
B. Warm the Material
If a structure had affected air at 75 F at 25% RH, the most efficient type of
dehumidifier to use would be a (choose one): refrigerant / desiccant
Chapter 8
Dessicant
Abide by local ___________________ and regulations when disposing extracted
water. Waste water is best disposed of into a sanitary sewer.
Chapter 4
Laws
Freeze drying (sublimation) is typically used with valuable saturated books and
documents. Books and documents saturated with clean water may be restorable if:
________________ or ___________________ as quickly as possible.
Chapter 7
- Frozen
- Dried
______________________occurs when a solid changes to a vapor (without going
through a liquid phase).
Chapter 7
Sublimation
Air filtration devices (AFDs) are needed in water restoration work whenever high levels of __________________ are being added to the air.
Chapter 8
Particulates
The most effective way to speed the drying process is to remove as much of the
water in a liquid state as possible during the ________________ phase (for example,
multiple extractions). Poor extraction will significantly slow the drying process.
Chapter 4
Extraction
One of the most effective methods of drying wet wood under hard surfaces is:
a. Heated airflow
b. Demolition of the wood
c. Negative air pressure
Chapter 7
A. Heated Air Flow
