Delivery Systems Flashcards
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Why might an organization consider an in-house fueling system?
For cost or efficiency
What issues might be caused by water contamination in a fueling system?
Water sinks to the bottom of the tank and is difficult to remove. Agitation from refilling the tanks will temporarily mix water with fuel at higher levels.
How will residual water in a storage tank affect gasoline blended with ethanol?
Any water in the tank will bind with ethanol causing a reaction creating phase separation which makes fuel unstable.
How can you test for residual water in a fuel storage tank?
Paste on the end of a measurement stick. Paste color changes if in contact with water, so you know how deep the layer is.
What types of biological contamination are found in diesel fuel?
- Bacteria
- Yeasts
- Funguses
What are suitable conditions for the reproduction of microbes in diesel fuel?
They live and produce in the water but feed on the nutrients in the fuel.
What is an underground storage tank?
A tank and any underground piping that has at least 10% of its combined volume underground.
What types of storage tanks are not regulated by the EPA?
- Farm/residential tanks 1100 gallons or less with motor fuels used for noncommercial purposes
- Tanks storing heating oil for onsite consumption
- Emergency spill and overfill tanks
- Tanks on or above the floor of underground areas (basement, tunnels)
- Septic tanks and systems for collecting storm water and water waste
- Flow through process tanks
- Tanks of 110 gallons or less capacity
What three things did the EPA mandate that fuel storage tanks be designed with or upgraded with?
- To protect from corrosion, spills and overfills
- Replaced with new USTs that have corrosion, spill and overfill protection
- Closed properly
How does the EPA allow local governments to manage UST regulation?
Subtitle I of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act allows state UST programs to operate in lieu of the federal program.
Where can you find more information on American and Canadian UST regulations?
US – EPA website
Canada – government website
What responsibilities do the owners of underground storage tanks have?
Legal requirements associated with ownership and liability of leaking tanks.
What are the environmental impacts of faulty or leaking underground fuel systems?
- Contaminate surrounding soil, ground water or surface water
- Affect indoor air spaces
- Cause fires and explosions
What is required to replace an existing UST with an AST?
- Notifying the regulatory authority at least 30 days before closing UST
- Conducting any necessary site assessment and remedial action
- Having the tank emptied and cleaned safely
- Removing the tank or leaving it buried but filled with an inactive solid (sand)
What might be required for AST’s to meet local state/province requirements?
Meet requirements that safeguard human health and the environment from potential threats from ASTs.
What are some of the safety issues regarding above ground storage tanks?
- Safety containment
- Vehicle impact protection
- Tank shell integrity testing
- Site security (fencing and lockout devices)
- Night lighting
- Control of storm water run off
What are the environmental concerns of AST’s?
Release of contents can contaminate soil and water supply.
What are the best leak detection methods?
If reports show a 10% discrepancy between the amount of fuel in the tank compared to how much was added. All AST systems should have an alarm for leak events.
What are the best release prevention methods?
- Secondary containment area to contain spills
- Containment area should have 110% capacity of the tank’s contents
- Incorporate a monthly reconciliation to audit tank height levels, fuel temperatures and amount distributed and replenished in the tank
What is subject to The Spill, Control and Countermeasure regulation (SPCC)?
A facility that stores, processes, refines, uses or consumes oil and is non-transportation related.
What steps can fleet managers take to prevent oil spills?
- Use suitable containers for the contents
- Provide overfill prevention. Use an alarm or audible vent
- Provide secondary containment for bulk storage containers. Hold full capacity plus possible rainfall
- Provide general secondary containment to catch the oil spill where you transfer oil to and from containers
- Periodically inspect and test pipes and containers
What should an SPCC plan address?
- Operating procedures to prevent oil spills
- Control measures to prevent oil spills
- Countermeasures to contain, clean up and mitigate the effects of an oil spill
What are the inspection requirements of the SPCC?
Designed to detect oil leaks, spills or other integrity or structural issues before they enter navigable waters.
What is wet hose fueling?
Also known as mobile fueling or onsite fueling. Process of bringing fuel to the location where the vehicle/equipment is parked.
What is the wet hose fueling process?
- Fuel truck travels to the specified location
- Driver individually fuels all vehicles and equipment
- Driver tracks how much fuel goes into each vehicle. Managed with barcodes that correspond to an electronic inventory system
- The fleet manager receives and manages the data in an online wet hosing fuel account
What are the advantages of wet hose fueling?
- Productivity savings from driver not having to stop for fuel
- Salary savings
- Easy to keep track of fuel usage
- Versatility/flexibility by choosing where to send the fuel truck
What are the disadvantages of wet hose fueling?
- Environmental issues and cross fueling
- Contractors may cause a spill/leak due to equipment failure or operator error
- Putting the wrong fuel type in a vehicle
- More expensive per gallon than onsite fuel tanks or fleet cards
What are alternatives to wet hose fueling?
- Onsite bulk fuel tanks
- Fleet cards
How can fuel cards help to manage decentralized fleets?
- Operator doesn’t need to carry cash
- Product control
- No expensing and reimbursement process on the driver
- Data collection
- Fuel discounts
What is a corporate T&E card?
Credit card that is used for business travel expenses.
What level of data is available from a corporate T&E card?
None to a moderate level of purchasing profile data and limited ability to block certain purchases.
What is a universal/co-branded card?
Offers more control and security and can be used for very specific purchases. Can identify the actual product purchased and determine if it’s preapproved.
What data is available from universal/co-branded cards?
Optimized fuel data management and broad station access.
What are the common features offered by fleet fuel card providers?
- Purchase control – pins, transaction limits
- Exceptions monitoring
- Flexible reporting options
- Tax exemptions
- Convenience
- Online customer access
- Flexibility billing and payment options
What are company branded fuel cards?
Issued by and associated exclusively with one fuel provider. Can only be used at stations owned by the card provider.
What data and controls are available for company branded cards?
High level of control on what can be purchased and where. Good for fleets that stay close to their operations and less likely to travel long distances.
What is a private site card?
Most restrictive and most secure card. Can only be used at one specific location which would be the onsite fueling station located at the fleets home station.
What methods incentivize fleets to use a certain type of card?
Most common incentive is rebate. Open and closed loop cards offer rebates to entice fleet managers to use their cards.
What types of information can fleet managers access online?
Manage fuel information and driver profiles.
How is fuel data used for maintenance purposes?
Odometer readings and transactional history show when vehicles need to be serviced.
How can data be used to monitor driver behavior?
See when products are purchased, detect irregular purchases and viewing miles per gallon for fuel efficiency.
What fuel card controls are available to managers?
Control when users are able to use fuel cards. Hard control declines purchases outside the allowed time. Soft control sends alerts for transactions outside allowed time.
What points should be kept in mind when developing an emergency response plan?
- Develop response plans for most likely events
- Keep the plan flexible
- 3 guidelines to guide the plan: survivability, adaptability and sustainability
- Write an emergency operations manual
- Train staff
- Develop staffing plans for 24/7 operations
- Safeguard your lines of supply
- Conduct security planning
What are some of the emergencies that should be considered in the plan?
Natural disasters and man made disasters (industrial accident or bio terrorist event).
What does emergency plan survivability refer to?
Your plan for your drivers and vehicles can continue at some level during disasters.
What is emergency plan adaptability?
The need for your plan to be flexible and adapt to your given emergency.
What does fleet emergency plan sustainability refer to?
Your fleet must be able to function for long periods of time.
What roles does regular service and following a pm schedule play in emergency planning and emergency operations?
So vehicles are ready and operational during an emergency.
Why are extra security precautions recommended during a time of emergency?
Random theft is a common problem during disasters and can cripple ongoing business operations.
What should be included in your emergency operations manual?
- Coordinate with other segments in organization on resources
- Include contact information in organization, key vendors, customers and business partners
- List equipment, temp help, supplies needed in disasters
- A succession plan covering the worst case scenario
- How information will be reported
What elements are present in a good Emergency Response Plan?
Communication up and down the chain of command.
What should your Emergency Response Plan address?
- Do you have back up contact info for the staff?
- Have you communicated meeting locations if communication are cut off?
- Do you have backup sources for vehicles, fuel and maintenance?
- Do you have lines of communication for your fleet vendors?
- Does your fleet operate on multiple shifts?
How should the Emergency Response Plan be communicated to staff?
- Begin with classroom education
- Provide copies of emergency plan
- Other training opportunities
- Training drills
What additional training opportunities are available?
First aid, CPR and light search and rescue.
What are some considerations when developing a 24-hour emergency operations staffing plan?
- Plan to mobilize your workforce to meet demands as it develops
- Design a plan capable of operating 2 or more shifts not exceeding 12 hours each
- Divide staff into two teams with essential skills needed on each team
- Provide basic necessities to employee’s families
- Develop an employee notification system
What are your lines of supply and how can they be safeguarded during an emergency situation?
Safeguard vehicles, fuel and maintenance resources. Consider vulnerabilities to the fleet and develop systems with alternate sources for supplies/services.
What risk mitigation strategies should be employed during an emergency?
- Storing vehicles in separate locations
- Clause in lease contracts that require the lessor to deploy replacement vehicles in emergencies
- Have mutual aid agreements with similar companies that will help when vehicles are damaged or destroyed.
How can a fleet manager protect their fuel supply during an emergency situation?
- Fueling facilities should have emergency power supply
- Automated fuel control systems should have backup systems
- Storage tank capacity should have enough fuel for 72 hours of operation
- Plan long term for fuel shortages and have alternate fuel sites
- Build redundant, independent and secure lines of supply.
What emergency maintenance considerations should you have if you have an outsourced maintenance operation?
- Contracts should have maintenance provider to service your vehicles in a disaster or emergency
- Develop alternate or backup service providers.
What emergency maintenance considerations should you have if you have an in-sourced maintenance operation?
- Independent emergency power supply
- Facility located in a place not susceptible to flood or other disasters.
- Built or upgraded to essential facility standards.
What should contracts include for maintenance operations?
Contracts should have a maintenance provider to service your vehicles in a disaster or emergency.
Develop alternate or backup service providers.
What security risks should be planned against?
- Understand the risks
- assess the vulnerabilities
- develop security upgrades
- create plans to protect the life, health, and property of your employees and employer.
What lines of communication might be needed in an emergency situation?
Communication with emergency operations centers or incident command centers.
Why should fleet managers be wary of over committing resources?
A steady sustained commitment of resources is always more effective long term.
What should you consider adding in your contract with vendors before an emergency?
Consider adding an emergency management clause that obliges the vendor to make an effort to deliver products at set prices.
