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What willie says goes (GIK2PF tentaträning) > Del 2 > Flashcards

Del 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we need conceptual model?

A

Using conceptual models, one can build a description of reality that is easy to understand and interpret.

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2
Q

The conceptual design is independent from a particular DBMS. This feature generates several advantages, give at least 1 example.

A

The conceptual schema can survive a late decision to change the target DBMS.

If the DBMS or application requirements change, the conceptual schema can still be used as a starting point of new design activity.

Different databases, described through their conceptual schemas, can be compared in a homogeneous framework.

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3
Q

What is conceptual modeling?

A

When a data model describes a set of concepts from a reality, we call it conceptual model.

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4
Q

In quality of conceptual modeling, describe Expressiveness.

A

How well the model accurately and clearly describes complex ideas, relationships and information.

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5
Q

In quality of conceptual modeling, describe Simplicity.

A

A conceptual model must be simple so that a schema built using that model is easy to understand for the designers and users of the database application.

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6
Q

In quality of conceptual modeling, describe Minimality.

A

Williams föreläsning
A conceptual model must use a minimal set of conceptual constructs to represent the reality (each concept must distinctly represent a meaning).

Min egna version
Means including only the most important things needed to understand a system or idea, avoiding unnecessary details that could make it more complicated.

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7
Q

In quality of conceptual modeling, describe Formality.

A

It requires that all concepts of the model have a unique, precise, and well-defined interpretation.

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8
Q

What are the key concepts(components) of conceptual modeling?

A

Entities. Entities represent classes of real world objects. eg PERSON. Graphically represented by means of rectangles

Relationships. Relationships represent aggregations of two or more entities. An example of a relationship is IS_BORN_IN, which relates PERSON and CITY of birth. Relationships are graphically represented by means of diamonds.

Attributes. Attributes represent elementary properties of entities or relationships. All the extensional information is carried by attributes. For example, attributes of PERSON are: NAME, PERSON_NUMBER, JOB, HOME_ADDRESS.

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9
Q

What is a workflow?

A

Workflows automate the flow of employee tasks and activities, reducing the time taken for the process to complete as well as minimizing potential errors caused by human interaction.

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10
Q

What is the start and end of an Final State Machine(FSM)? How are they shown in a model?

A

Initial state (Dark filled circle) & Final state (Dark filled circle with thick white border)

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11
Q

What do a Final state machine(FSM) consist of between the start and end? How are they shown in a model?

A

States (named, rounded rectangles) and transistions (arrows)

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12
Q

What are the constructs of an DFD? How are they shown in a model?

A

Process (Rounded rectangle)
Flow (Line with arrow)
Data Store (Open rectangle with line to the left) Skitsvår att förklara
Interface/User (Square)

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13
Q

What is a functional analysis?

A

Williams föreläsning
Functional analysis is the modelling of working activities within an enterprise. Functional analysis concentrates on understanding how information is used by each function and how it is exchanged among the functions.

Min version
The modelling of how different activities in a business work and shares information.

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14
Q

Give example of how to break down a goal by its semantics.

A

Goal: Happy employees
Subgoal: Happy staff members
Subgoal: Happy managers

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15
Q

Give example of how to break down a goal by its functions.

A

Goal: Learn more
Subgoal: attend more lectures
Subgoal: do more exercises

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16
Q

Give example of how to break down a goal by its components.

A

Goal: Make profit
Subgoal: sell more products
Subgoal: save more materials

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17
Q

Architecture is a process as well as a product. Describe what the product is.

A

Williams föreläsning
The product serves to guide managers in designing business processes and system developers in building applications in a way that is in line with business objectives and policies.

Lite enklare
The product helps managers design business processes and assists system developers in creating applications that align with business goals and policies

Ånnu enklare
Guide for designing business processes and building applications that is inline with business objectives and policies

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18
Q

Briefly describe the process of Enterprise Architecture

A

Enterprise Architecture involves creating a strategic framework that aligns an organization’s business processes, information, technology, and infrastructure to achieve its goals.

The process typically includes analyzing the current state, defining a target state, and developing a roadmap for transitioning between them, ensuring coherence and efficiency across the entire enterprise.

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19
Q

Briefly describe what a stakeholder is.

A

individual, team, or organisation (or classes thereof) with interests in, or concerns relative to, a system

20
Q

Briefly describe what an external driver is.

A

Williams stuff
External pressures to take into account, both from customers, suppliers, and other business partners, and from regulatory bodies.

Egen förklaring
External factors that influence a companys decisions and strategies

eg. economic conditions, market trends, regulatory changes (GDPR), technological advancements, and social or cultural shifts.

21
Q

Breifly describe what an Internal driver is.

A

Williams
The ‘soft’ part, its culture, is formed by its people and leadership, and is of equal if not higher importance in achieving these goals. We see internal drivers for using an architectural approach, related to the strategy execution of an organisation.

Min egna
Internal drivers refer to factors originating within an organization, such as culture, leadership, and operational efficiency, which influence its decisions, performance, and overall functioning.

22
Q

What are the 4 perspectives in a Balanced ScoreCard(BSC)?

A

The Customer perspective
The Financial perspective
The Internal Business Processes perspective
The Learning and Growth perspective

23
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Balanced ScoreCard(BSC)?

A

mission (e.g., to become the customers’ preferred supplier)

objectives (e.g., to provide the customers with new products)

measures (e.g., percentage of turnover generated by new products)

24
Q

In Balanced ScoreCard(BSC) what is The Customer perspective and how can it be measured?

A

The Customer perspective asks how the enterprise should appear to its customers, with measures like customer satisfaction.

25
Q

In Balanced ScoreCard(BSC) what is The Financial perspective and howe can it be measured?

A

The Financial perspective is focused on the business value created by the enterprise, entailing measures such as shareholder value.

26
Q

In Balanced ScoreCard(BSC) what is The Internal Business Processes perspective and how can it be measured?

A

Williams lecture
The Internal Business Processes perspective looks at the effectiveness and efficiency of a company’s internal operations, paying special attention to the primary, mission-oriented processes.

Dumbed down for me
The Internal Business Processes perspective examines how well a company’s internal operations are working, with a focus on the key processes that align with its mission.

Can be measured by using key performance indicators (KPIs)

27
Q

In Balanced ScoreCard(BSC) what is The Learning and Growth perspective and how can it be measured?

A

The Learning and Growth perspective addresses the corporate and individual ability to change and improve, which is critical to any knowledge-intensive organisation.

Measured by assessing key indicators related to employee development, skills enhancement, and knowledge acquisition.

28
Q

What are the 7 components of a Business Model Canvas(BMC)?

A

Key partners
Value proposition
Customer segments
Cost structure
Revenue streams
Key activities/Key resources
Customer relationships/Channels

29
Q

In Business Model Canvas(BMC) what is Key partners (Left in canvas)?

A

Others with which the organization cooperates in delivering value to its customers.
eg Banks, Advertising outlets

30
Q

In Business Model Canvas(BMC) what is Value proposition (Middle in canvas)?

A

Describing what products and services an organisation has to offer to its different customers

eg car insurance for individuals, car insurance for businesses

31
Q

In Business Model Canvas(BMC) what is Customer segments (Right in canvas)?

A

The typical customer groups the organisation distinguishes
eg Households, small business, large business

32
Q

In Business Model Canvas(BMC) what is Cost structure (Bottom left)?

A

The financial view of the means employed by the organisation(expenses)
eg Salaries, rent, other

33
Q

In Business Model Canvas(BMC) what is Revenue streams (Bottom right)?

A

The way the organisation makes money from various revenue flows from its customer segments
eg household contributions, small business contributions, large business contributions

34
Q

In Business Model Canvas(BMC) what is Key activities/Key resources (Left -> here <- middle in canvas)?

A

Key activities: what the organisation needs to do to provide to its value propositions. eg attracting and registering new costumers, handling claims, updating and maintaining existing customers.

Key resources: the resources needed for these activities. eg Loyal customer base, skilled and knowledgeable staff, office equipment

35
Q

In Business Model Canvas(BMC) what is Customer relationships/Channels (Middle-> here <- Right in canvas)?

A

Customer relationships: the kind of links the organisation has with its customers. eg Speed in claim handling, expertise in damage assessment.
Channels: how the organisation gets in touch with its customers.
eg Front office, TV, Radio, Web, Email etc

36
Q

In the zachman framework, what is the 6 columns?

A

Left to right: What? How? Where? Who? When? Why?

37
Q

In the zachman framework, what is the 4 first rows?

A

Top to bottom: Planner, Owner, Designer & Builder.

38
Q

In the zachman framework, what is the model for Planner(first row) and Why(Last column)?

A

Planner & Why = Objective model/Goal model (OM)

39
Q

In the zachman framework, what is the model for Owner(second row) and What(First column)?

A

Owner & What = Entity Relation model (ER), also the most popular…

40
Q

In the zachman framework, what is the model for Owner(second row) and How?(second column)?

A

Owner & How = Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)

41
Q

In the zachman framework, what is the model for Designer(third row) and What?(first column)?

A

Designer & What = Relation Schema

42
Q

In the zachman framework, what is the model for Designer(third row) and How?(second column)?

A

Designer & How = Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

43
Q

Briefly describe what Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is. (Denna är lite dryg, bättre att träna på att rita istället)

A

Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) serves as a standardized visual language, allowing the creation of clear diagrams that illustrate how work flows within a business. It aids in depicting the interactions and roles of various stakeholders, ensuring a shared understanding across different parties involved in the organization.

44
Q

What are the components of OWL?

A

Classes, Proporties, Relationships, Attributes/associations, Axioms/rules, Nominals/individuals.

45
Q

What are the typical breakdown of an
information system’s lifecycle?

A

Feasibility study.
Requirement collection and analysis.
Design.
Prototyping.
Implementation.
Validation and testing.
Operation.

46
Q

How many relationships does N-ary connect?

A

more than two entities

What willie says goes (GIK2PF tentaträning) (1 decks)

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