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epi > del 1 > Flashcards

del 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Japanese encephalitis is transmitted by:

A
  • mosquitos
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2
Q

Reservoirs of leptospira are:

A
  • rodents
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3
Q

Aujeszky disease is always fatal for:

A
  • dog
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4
Q

Rinderpest is caused by:

A
  • morbillivirus
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5
Q

way of avian onfluenza transmission:

A
  • inhalation
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6
Q

Enzootic pneumonia in swine is caused by:

A
  • swine vesicular disease
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7
Q

Marek disease is caused by:

A
  • mardivirus, gallid herpesvirus 2

a herpesvirus

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8
Q

susceptible species in mycobacteriosis:

A
  • all vertebrates including man
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9
Q

causative agent of oedema disease in pigs:

A
  • hemolytic E. coli
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10
Q

Cats and dogs are born:

A
  • hypogammaglobulinemic
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11
Q

What are the grades of epizoological process?

A
  • sporadic, enzootic, epizootic, panzootic
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12
Q

FAO is an abbreviation for:

A
  • food and agriculture organization
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13
Q

Which staining method is used for microscopic detection of brucella:

A
  • Stamp staining, a modified version of Ziehl-Neelsen staining
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14
Q

half time of maternal antibodies is:

A
  • period in which 50% of antibodies is declined
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15
Q

hyperimmune serum application is:

A
  • artificial passive immunisation
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16
Q

In complement fixation test - positive result is:

A
  • no hemolysis
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17
Q

What are stages of infectious process?

A
  • Incubation = from time of exposure to clinical signs
  • Prodromal = unspecific signs of infection
  • Manifestation = specific clinical signs
  • Remission = recovery or death
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18
Q

What are objects of study in epizootology?

A
  • study of diseases and how antibody and antigen work
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19
Q

What is the cytopathic effect in cell cultures:

A
  • any changes of the cells after viral infection
  • destruction of the cells after virus infection
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20
Q

Abortive infection is:

A
  • infection disappearing after prodormal period
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21
Q

Division of etiological agents according to their pathogenicity:

A
  • Obligate
  • Facultative
  • Apathogenic
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22
Q

Risk assesment in epizootology:

A
  • pathogenicity
  • mode of transportation
  • hosts
  • if the pathogen is zoonotic
  • mortality
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23
Q

What are the advantages of real-time PCR comparing with classical PCR?

A
  • faster answer
  • easier
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24
Q

What are the main reagents in ELISA test?

A
  • antigen
  • antibody
  • chromogen
  • enzyme
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25
Q

Which medium is used for cultivation of salmonella?

A
  • MacConkey agar
26
Q

Which methods is used for microscopic detection of fungi?

A

….

27
Q

What sample is taken for rabies diagnosis?

A
  • Brain
28
Q

Division of the media used for cell culture:

A
  • liquid, solid
29
Q

In blocking ELISA positive result is?

A
  • no color change
30
Q

Facultative pathogens:

A

bacteria:
- salmonella
- staphylococcus spp.
- listeria spp.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa

31
Q

animal notifiable diseases are reported to:

A
  • world organization for animal health
32
Q

Stages of epizootic process:

A
  • Interepizootic,
  • preepizootic,
  • ascending,
  • culmination,
  • descending
  • and postepizootic stage
33
Q

What is epizootiological triad?

A
  • Animal populations,
  • etiological agents
  • and environmental factors
34
Q

What is the role of colostral immunity?

A
  • Protection against septicaemia and organ infection
  • Local protection of intestine
  • GIT multiplication of bacteria
35
Q

What clinical signs indicate failure of passive transfer of immunity?

A

In 3-5 days old animals
- Profuse diarrhoea and dehydration
- Respiratory or systemic infections

36
Q

What is the principle of AGID (agar gel immunodiffusion) test?

A
  • When antigen and specific antibodies combine they form a precipitate seen as visible line, indicating a positive test
  • Incubation for 24 hours
37
Q

Epizootology is the science of?

A
  • the origin and spread of diseases
  • develops the most effective methods of prevention and supression of infectious diseases of animals
38
Q

What is virulence?

A
  • the ability of the germ of a microorganism to penetrate into a macrophage, and reproduce
  • degree of pathogenicity (invasiveness, infectivity, and pathogen potetial)
39
Q

What types of ICH course do you know?

A
  • peracute, acute, subacute, chronic
40
Q

monotropic etiological agents are?

A
  • affinity of etiological agents only to a certain tissue, organ
41
Q

explain the term “morbidity”

A
  • percentage representation of sick individuals from the total number of individuals
42
Q

Explain the term “lethality”

A
  • percentage representation of dead individuals from the total number of individuals
43
Q

According to tropism, pathogenic microbes can be:

A
  • monotropic
  • polytropic
  • pantropic
44
Q

Hidden infection without clinical symptoms, morphological and immune changes is called?

A
  • latent infection
45
Q

Characterize general infectology:

A
  • investigates the pathogenesis of the course and manifestation of individual infectious diseases of animals
46
Q

name the mechanisms of transmission of ICH agents

A
  • oro-fecal,
  • air-droplet,
  • transmissive,
  • transmission of infections through external pores
47
Q

Name entry gates in the infectious process

A
  • digestive tract
  • respiratory tract
  • skin
  • urogenital tract
  • mammary gland
  • conjunctiva
  • navel
48
Q

Panzoocia is:

A
  • Characterized by the highest degree of Epizootic Process intensity.
  • In which ICH is spread over huge territorial units, including several countries, a continent, or several continents
  • the morbidity is extremely high.
49
Q

It is not allowed in the laboratory to…

A
  • drink, eat, smoke
50
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen staining is used for:

A
  • Mycobacteria
51
Q

Which enzyme is used most often in enzyme immunoassay?

A
  • trypsin
52
Q

Division of cell cultures according to the method of cultivation?

A
  • single layer and stable
53
Q

Name the main components of PCR:

A
  • Thermostable DNA polymerase,
  • Buffer solution,
  • Primers,
  • Template DNA.
54
Q

An immunodeficient state during immunoprophylaxis can be pointed out by:

A
  • Insufficient immune response,
  • occurrence of disease after the use of attenuated live vaccines
55
Q

The international abbreviation OIE is:

A
  • International Bureau of Animal Diseases
56
Q

Therapy must not be performed at:

A
  • Foot and mouth disease
57
Q

What is a substrate for peroxidase?

A
  • Hydrogen peroxide
58
Q

Cause of dermaphytoses?

A
  • It is a disease that causes mold … so spores, hyphae circle
59
Q

What happens with a positive reaction of HIT?

A
  • There is sedimentation of blood cells in the shape of a button
60
Q

The unit of plaque formation is?

A
  • 1 virion
61
Q

Natural active immunization is:

A
  • When an individual develops immunity under natural conditions.
  • i.e. as a result of overcoming the relevant disease. Such immunity is called post-infectious.
62
Q
A

epi (2 decks)

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