Deifinition Of Terms

Question 1

Study of heredity, that is, the mechanisms by which particular characteristics are passed from parents to offspring

Answer 1

Science of Genetics

Question 2

Unit of inheritance, a segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that encodes a particular protein

Answer 2

Gene

Question 3

It is the basic unit of inheritance of any trait (defined as a genetically
determined characteristics or condition), including blood group antigens

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

Sites of a gene on a chromosome

Answer 4

Genetic loci

Question 5

Alternate forms of a gene at a given locus

Answer 5

Alleles

Question 6

Opposite antigens encoded at the same locus

Answer 6

Antithetical

Question 7

Genetic system that expresses two or more alleles at one locus

Answer 7

Polymorphic

Question 8

Gene-carrying structures, composed of chromatin, that are visible during
nuclear division as thread-like bodies in the nucleus of the cell; they contain the genetic material (DNA)
necessary to maintain the life of the cell and the organism.

Answer 8

Chromosome

Question 9

Used to denote the physical and structural organization of DNA and
proteins in the chromosomes.

Answer 9

Chromatin

Question 10

Collection of genetic information

Answer 10

Genome

Question 11

Cell division in somatic cells that results in the same number of chromosomes

Answer 11

Mitosis

Question 12

Cell division in gametes that results in half the number of chromosomes
present in somatic cells

Answer 12

Meiosis

Question 13

Physical expression of inherited traits

Answer 13

Phenotype

Question 14

Actual genetic makeup; determined by family studies or molecular typing

Answer 14

Genotype

Question 15

Square used to display the
frequencies of different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring of a cross

Answer 15

Punnett square

Question 16

Chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes

Answer 16

Autosomes

Question 17

Two alleles for a given trait are identical

Answer 17

Homozygous

Question 18

Two alleles for a given trait are the different

Answer 18

Heterozygous

Question 19

Stronger agglutination when a red cell antigen is expressed from homozygous genes

Answer 19

Dosage effect

Question 20

Two or more genes on the same chromosome of a homologous pair

Answer 20

cis

Question 21

Genes inherited on opposite chromosomes of a homologous pair

Answer 21

trans

Question 22

Equal expression of two different inherited alleles

Answer 22

Codominant

Question 23

Trait expressed only when inherited by both parents

Answer 23

Recessive

Question 24

Gene product expressed over another gene

Answer 24

Dominant

Question 25

Describes a gene that does not express a detectable product

Answer 25

Amorphic

Question 26

Genes that suppress the expression of another gene

Answer 26

Suppressor genes

Question 27

Passing of one gene from each parent to the offspring

Answer 27

Independent segregation

Question 28

Random behavior of genes on separate chromosomes during meiosis that results in a mixture of genetic material in the offspring

Answer 28

Independent assortment

Question 29

Man accused of being the biological father; the putative father

Answer 29

Alleged father

Question 30

Gene that should be inherited from the father to prove paternity

Answer 30

Obligatory gene

Question 31

Exclusion of paternity when a child has a trait that neither parent shows

Answer 31

Direct exclusion

Question 32

Failure to find an expected marker in a child when the alleged father is apparently homozygous for the gene

Answer 32

Indirect exclusion

Question 33

● genes expressed with equal frequency in males and females on a non-sex chromosome ● Equal distribution of most blood group across genders except sex-linked chromosome

Answer 33

Autosomal Genes

Question 34

● genes carried on the sex chromosome ● Found in X and Y chromosome ● System: Xg (X) and Kx (X) ● Common in females

Answer 34

Sex-linked genes

Question 35

Possessing half the normal number of chromosomes found in somatic or body cells; seen in germ cells (sperm and ova)

Answer 35

Haploid

Question 36

Having two sets of 23 chromosomes, for a total of 46

Answer 36

Diploid