Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bioquimica II > Degradacion de Acidos Grasos > Flashcards

Degradacion de Acidos Grasos Flashcards

1
Q

¿Qué son los ácidos grasos (AG)?

A

Son una fuente de energía liberada por hidrólisis de TAG en el tejido adiposo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

¿Cómo se transportan los ácidos grasos en el torrente sanguíneo?

A

Unidos a la albúmina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

¿Qué ocurre con los ácidos grasos al llegar a las células?

A

Atraviesan las membranas y se dirigen a las mitocondrias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

¿Qué reacción cataliza la Acil CoA sintetasa?

A

La activación de los ácidos grasos antes de ingresar a las mitocondrias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

¿Qué se forma cuando el ácido palmítico reacciona con CoA?

A

Palmitoil CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

¿Cuántas moléculas de ATP se consumen en la activación de un ácido graso?

A

2 ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

¿Qué transportador específico se necesita para que los ácidos grasos de cadena larga (AGCL) atraviesen la membrana mitocondrial interna?

A

Complejo L-carnitina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

¿Cuáles son las componentes del complejo L-carnitina?

A
  • Carnitina
  • CAT I (Carnitina Acil Transferasa 1)
  • CAT II
  • CAT (Translocasa)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

¿Qué hace CAT I en la membrana mitocondrial externa?

A

Cataliza la síntesis de Acil Carnitina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

¿Qué enzima regenera Acil CoA en la mitocondria?

A

CAT II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

¿Qué sucede en caso de deficiencia de CAT I?

A

Produce hipoglicemia severa, coma y muerte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

¿Qué se debe hacer en caso de deficiencia de CAT II?

A

Recomendar una dieta rica en carbohidratos y triacilglicerol de cadena corta y media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

¿Qué es la β-oxidación?

A

Oxidación del Carbono β de los ácidos grasos para generar Acetil CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

¿Cuáles son los pasos de la β-oxidación?

A
  • Primera oxidación
  • Hidratación
  • Segunda oxidación
  • Tiolisis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

¿Cuántas moléculas de ATP se generan por cada Acetil CoA en el ciclo de Krebs?

A

12 ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

¿Cuántas vueltas se producen al oxidar una molécula de ácido palmítico (C16)?

A

7 vueltas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

¿Cuál es el rendimiento energético total de una molécula de ácido palmítico?

18
Q

¿Qué ocurre con los ácidos grasos de cadena impar durante la β-oxidación?

A

Se convierte en Propionil CoA, que se transforma en Succinil CoA

19
Q

¿Qué es la Mutasa B12?

A

Una enzima que utiliza vitamina B12 como coenzima

20
Q

¿Qué son los cuerpos cetónicos?

A

Son ácidos grasos de cadena corta formados por condensación de Acetil CoA

21
Q

¿En qué condiciones se produce una excesiva producción de cuerpos cetónicos?

A
  • Ayuno prolongado
  • Deficiencia de ingesta de alimentos
  • Diabetes descompensada
22
Q

¿Qué enzima convierte Aceto Acetato en Aceto Acetil CoA?

A

Ceto Acil-CoA transferasa o Tioforasa

23
Q

¿Cuál es el efecto de la cetonemia en el organismo?

A

Puede generar acidosis metabólica, coma, convulsiones y muerte

24
Q

¿Qué genera la acidosis metabólica en el riñón?

A

Eliminación de protones y reducción de bicarbonato

25
What is the primary alternative energy source for extrahepatic tissues such as the heart and brain when glucose is not available?
Cuerpos cetónicos ## Footnote Cuerpos cetónicos provide an energy alternative during drastic energy changes.
26
Which enzyme converts Acetoacetate into Acetoacetyl CoA using Succinyl CoA?
Ceto Acil-CoA transferasa o Tioforasa ## Footnote This enzyme facilitates the conversion by donating CoA.
27
What are the two products formed from the reaction of Acetoacetate with Succinyl CoA?
* Acetoacetyl CoA * Succinato ## Footnote Acetoacetate reacts with Succinyl CoA to yield Acetoacetyl CoA and Succinato.
28
What is produced by the thiolase enzyme after the synthesis of Acetoacetyl CoA?
Two molecules of Acetyl CoA ## Footnote Thiolase facilitates the cleavage of Acetoacetyl CoA to produce Acetyl CoA.
29
True or False: Red blood cells can utilize ketone bodies as fuel.
False ## Footnote Red blood cells do not have mitochondria, preventing them from using ketone bodies.
30
Where does β-oxidation, the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, occur?
Mitochondrias ## Footnote Mitochondria are the site for both synthesis and degradation processes.
31
What is the maximum recommended level of cholesterol in the blood?
↓ 200 mg/dL ## Footnote Maintaining cholesterol levels below this threshold is important for health.
32
From what substance is cholesterol synthesized?
Acetyl CoA ## Footnote Acetyl CoA is derived primarily from carbohydrates.
33
What percentage of total cholesterol in the body is produced by synthesis?
80% ## Footnote The body synthesizes about 800 mg of cholesterol daily.
34
Which organs have high concentrations of cholesterol?
* Médula espinal * Cerebro * Páncreas * Todas las células en la membrana ## Footnote Cholesterol is found in high amounts in these organs and tissues.
35
What are three important derivatives of cholesterol?
* Hormonas esteroideas * Vitamina D * Ácidos biliares ## Footnote Cholesterol serves as a precursor for these vital substances.
36
What is the structural characteristic of cholesterol?
27 carbonos ## Footnote Cholesterol consists of a unique structure with 27 carbon atoms.
37
What is the basic structural unit of cholesterol?
Isoprenoide ## Footnote Isoprenoide units are fundamental in the structure of cholesterol.
38
What is the role of the LDL receptor in cholesterol regulation?
Regulates synthesis of Apo B-100 and key enzymes ## Footnote The LDL receptor plays a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism.
39
What is the initial product formed from Acetyl CoA in cholesterol biosynthesis?
Ceto Acetil CoA ## Footnote This is the first step in the cholesterol synthesis pathway.
40
What is the enzyme responsible for converting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA into Mevalonate?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase ## Footnote This enzyme is key in cholesterol biosynthesis.
41
What is the final product after the series of reactions starting from Farnesyl Pirofosfato?
Colesterol ## Footnote The pathway leads to the formation of cholesterol through several intermediates.

Bioquimica II (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions