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Bioquimica II > Degradacion de Acidos Grasos > Flashcards

Degradacion de Acidos Grasos Flashcards

1
Q

¿Qué son los ácidos grasos (AG)?

A

Son una fuente de energía liberada por hidrólisis de TAG en el tejido adiposo

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2
Q

¿Cómo se transportan los ácidos grasos en el torrente sanguíneo?

A

Unidos a la albúmina

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3
Q

¿Qué ocurre con los ácidos grasos al llegar a las células?

A

Atraviesan las membranas y se dirigen a las mitocondrias

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4
Q

¿Qué reacción cataliza la Acil CoA sintetasa?

A

La activación de los ácidos grasos antes de ingresar a las mitocondrias

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5
Q

¿Qué se forma cuando el ácido palmítico reacciona con CoA?

A

Palmitoil CoA

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6
Q

¿Cuántas moléculas de ATP se consumen en la activación de un ácido graso?

A

2 ATP

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7
Q

¿Qué transportador específico se necesita para que los ácidos grasos de cadena larga (AGCL) atraviesen la membrana mitocondrial interna?

A

Complejo L-carnitina

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8
Q

¿Cuáles son las componentes del complejo L-carnitina?

A
  • Carnitina
  • CAT I (Carnitina Acil Transferasa 1)
  • CAT II
  • CAT (Translocasa)
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9
Q

¿Qué hace CAT I en la membrana mitocondrial externa?

A

Cataliza la síntesis de Acil Carnitina

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10
Q

¿Qué enzima regenera Acil CoA en la mitocondria?

A

CAT II

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11
Q

¿Qué sucede en caso de deficiencia de CAT I?

A

Produce hipoglicemia severa, coma y muerte

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12
Q

¿Qué se debe hacer en caso de deficiencia de CAT II?

A

Recomendar una dieta rica en carbohidratos y triacilglicerol de cadena corta y media

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13
Q

¿Qué es la β-oxidación?

A

Oxidación del Carbono β de los ácidos grasos para generar Acetil CoA

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14
Q

¿Cuáles son los pasos de la β-oxidación?

A
  • Primera oxidación
  • Hidratación
  • Segunda oxidación
  • Tiolisis
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15
Q

¿Cuántas moléculas de ATP se generan por cada Acetil CoA en el ciclo de Krebs?

A

12 ATP

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16
Q

¿Cuántas vueltas se producen al oxidar una molécula de ácido palmítico (C16)?

A

7 vueltas

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17
Q

¿Cuál es el rendimiento energético total de una molécula de ácido palmítico?

A

131 ATP

18
Q

¿Qué ocurre con los ácidos grasos de cadena impar durante la β-oxidación?

A

Se convierte en Propionil CoA, que se transforma en Succinil CoA

19
Q

¿Qué es la Mutasa B12?

A

Una enzima que utiliza vitamina B12 como coenzima

20
Q

¿Qué son los cuerpos cetónicos?

A

Son ácidos grasos de cadena corta formados por condensación de Acetil CoA

21
Q

¿En qué condiciones se produce una excesiva producción de cuerpos cetónicos?

A
  • Ayuno prolongado
  • Deficiencia de ingesta de alimentos
  • Diabetes descompensada
22
Q

¿Qué enzima convierte Aceto Acetato en Aceto Acetil CoA?

A

Ceto Acil-CoA transferasa o Tioforasa

23
Q

¿Cuál es el efecto de la cetonemia en el organismo?

A

Puede generar acidosis metabólica, coma, convulsiones y muerte

24
Q

¿Qué genera la acidosis metabólica en el riñón?

A

Eliminación de protones y reducción de bicarbonato

25
Q

What is the primary alternative energy source for extrahepatic tissues such as the heart and brain when glucose is not available?

A

Cuerpos cetónicos

Cuerpos cetónicos provide an energy alternative during drastic energy changes.

26
Q

Which enzyme converts Acetoacetate into Acetoacetyl CoA using Succinyl CoA?

A

Ceto Acil-CoA transferasa o Tioforasa

This enzyme facilitates the conversion by donating CoA.

27
Q

What are the two products formed from the reaction of Acetoacetate with Succinyl CoA?

A
  • Acetoacetyl CoA
  • Succinato

Acetoacetate reacts with Succinyl CoA to yield Acetoacetyl CoA and Succinato.

28
Q

What is produced by the thiolase enzyme after the synthesis of Acetoacetyl CoA?

A

Two molecules of Acetyl CoA

Thiolase facilitates the cleavage of Acetoacetyl CoA to produce Acetyl CoA.

29
Q

True or False: Red blood cells can utilize ketone bodies as fuel.

A

False

Red blood cells do not have mitochondria, preventing them from using ketone bodies.

30
Q

Where does β-oxidation, the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, occur?

A

Mitochondrias

Mitochondria are the site for both synthesis and degradation processes.

31
Q

What is the maximum recommended level of cholesterol in the blood?

A

↓ 200 mg/dL

Maintaining cholesterol levels below this threshold is important for health.

32
Q

From what substance is cholesterol synthesized?

A

Acetyl CoA

Acetyl CoA is derived primarily from carbohydrates.

33
Q

What percentage of total cholesterol in the body is produced by synthesis?

A

80%

The body synthesizes about 800 mg of cholesterol daily.

34
Q

Which organs have high concentrations of cholesterol?

A
  • Médula espinal
  • Cerebro
  • Páncreas
  • Todas las células en la membrana

Cholesterol is found in high amounts in these organs and tissues.

35
Q

What are three important derivatives of cholesterol?

A
  • Hormonas esteroideas
  • Vitamina D
  • Ácidos biliares

Cholesterol serves as a precursor for these vital substances.

36
Q

What is the structural characteristic of cholesterol?

A

27 carbonos

Cholesterol consists of a unique structure with 27 carbon atoms.

37
Q

What is the basic structural unit of cholesterol?

A

Isoprenoide

Isoprenoide units are fundamental in the structure of cholesterol.

38
Q

What is the role of the LDL receptor in cholesterol regulation?

A

Regulates synthesis of Apo B-100 and key enzymes

The LDL receptor plays a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism.

39
Q

What is the initial product formed from Acetyl CoA in cholesterol biosynthesis?

A

Ceto Acetil CoA

This is the first step in the cholesterol synthesis pathway.

40
Q

What is the enzyme responsible for converting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA into Mevalonate?

A

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase

This enzyme is key in cholesterol biosynthesis.

41
Q

What is the final product after the series of reactions starting from Farnesyl Pirofosfato?

A

Colesterol

The pathway leads to the formation of cholesterol through several intermediates.

Bioquimica II (2 decks)

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