Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurologic PT > Degenerative Diseases > Flashcards

Degenerative Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

List 2 characteristics of the early disease stage.

A
  1. Minimal Impairments or functional limitations

2. No disabilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List 4 rehabilitation priorities for the early stage of disease.

A
  1. Prevention (fitness and energy conservation)
  2. Delaying the onset of movement disorders
  3. Remediation: education/psychological support
  4. Compensatory: Movement strategies, equipment, home modifications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 4 resources the PT can suggest to a patient in the early disease stage. Why is it important to recommend these resources?

A
  1. Referral to speciality clinic
  2. Register for clinical trial
  3. Encourage contact and membership in state/national societies
  4. Support groups

Why?: Empowers the patient to seek out information and support outside of PT.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List 2 characteristics of the middle disease stage.

A
  1. Increasing number and severity of impairments and functional limitations.
  2. Some disabilities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List 3 rehabilitation priorities for the middle stage of disease.

A
  1. Prevention (fitness, energy conservation, and neuroprotection)
  2. Remediation: Dystonia management and ROM
  3. Compensatory: Bracing, splinting, care giver training, and AD prescription
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List 2 characteristics of the late disease stage.

A
  1. Severe impairments

2. Complete disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List 3 rehabilitation priorities for the late stage of disease.

A
  1. Compensatory: care giver training
  2. Preventative: skin and pulmonary management, contracture prevention
  3. Restorative: Palliative care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis? (2)

A
  1. Inflammatory process causing patchy plaques on the myelin sheaths in CNS.
  2. Reduces the speed and effectiveness of nerve transmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the 4 criteria that make up the clinical diagnosis for MS.

A
  1. Two or more central nervous system pathologies.
  2. Two distinct episodes of nervous system dysfunction.
  3. Diagnosed between 15-50 years of age with a majority diagnosed in their 30’s
  4. Confirmed by CT scan or MRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List 4 factors that contribute to a FAVORABLE prognosis of MS.

A
  1. Female
  2. Onset of sxs before 35-40 years of age
  3. No disability for 5 years
  4. Initial signs and sxs: optic neuritis and sensory dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List 1 factor that contributes to a UNFAVORABLE prognosis of MS.

A
  1. Initial signs and sxs: Cerebellar and motor dysfunction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

________ is the most common pattern of MS where ____ % of cases remain benign.

A

Relapsing and Remitting

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List 3 characteristics of relapsing and remitting MS.

A
  1. Sudden onset of symptoms
  2. Symptoms last days or weeks
  3. Complete or partial disappearance of symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List 2 characteristics of primary progressive MS.

A
  1. Continuous and gradual worsening of symptoms

2. No delineated exacerbations or periods of remission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List 2 characteristics of secondary progressive MS.

A
  1. Starts as Exacerbating and Remitting

2. Becomes progressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_____ is the most common symptom of MS, affecting _____ % of people.

A

Fatigue

70-95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fatigue, relative to MS, occurs as a result of inefficient ______.

A

Nerve conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List 4 PT management interventions used to manage fatigue in patients with MS.

A
  1. Energy conservation
  2. Schedule activity during higher energy times
  3. Aerobic Exercise
  4. Teach exertion perception concepts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why do patients with MS have decreased heat tolerance?

A

Increased heat increases the inflammatory process of the disease which could exacerbate symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List 2 PT management interventions used to manage decreased heat tolerance in patients with MS.

A
  1. Education regarding: hydration, clothing management and cooling vests
  2. Aquatic therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List 3 interventions used to treat weakness in patients with MS.

A
  1. Prevent disuse atrophy of un-effected muscles
  2. Overcome spastic antagonists
  3. Increase strength of afffected muscle groups
22
Q

Aerobic exercise is associated with higher levels of _______ integrity and _____ concentration in patients with MS.

A

Higher levels of white matter integrity

BDNF

23
Q

Huntington’s disease is characterized by neuronal loss in the _____ and ______.

A

Caudate nucleus

Putamen

24
Q

What is used to confirm a diagnosis of Huntington’s disease?

A

Genetic testing

25
Q

Symptoms of Huntington’s disease appear at ages _____ with a median survival rate of _____ years after symptom onset.

A

30-50 years of age

15-25 years = median survival rate after onset of sxs

26
Q

List 2 behavioral and 2 cognitive impairments associated with Huntington’s disease.

A

Behavioral impairments: Depression and irritability

Cognitive impairments: Slow processing and decrease attention

27
Q

List 7 movement disorders characteristic of Huntington’s disease.

A
  1. Difficulty modulating gait and bed mobility
  2. Difficulty turning
  3. Chorea of the hands, limbs and trunk (increases then decreases)
  4. Dystonia
  5. Hypokinesia
  6. Bradykinesia
  7. Hemiballismus
28
Q

List 4 treatment considerations used to treat Huntington’s disease.

A
  1. Cognitive and sensory strategies as per PD
  2. Balance retraining in early stages
  3. ROM of spastic agonists
  4. Strengthening of antagonists
29
Q

True or False: There is no evidence related to exercise having an impact on Huntington’s disease progression.

A

TRUE

30
Q

ALS is caused by the degeneration and death of both ______ in the ____ of the brain, the _____ and the _____.

A

Death of both motor neurons (upper and lower)
In the motor cortex
Brain stem
Spinal cord

31
Q

List 2 things that are used to confirm a diagnosis of ALS.

A
  1. Clinical: UMN and LMN signs

2. MRI

32
Q

ALS has a ___ year survival rate with a median/mean survival rate of ____ years.

A

5-10 years

Mean: 2-4 years

33
Q

List 3 characteristics of a FAVORABLE ALS prognosis.

A
  1. Age at onset under 40
  2. Limb onset better than bulbar
  3. Absence of dyspnea at onset
34
Q

List 3 characteristics to describe the course of ALS.

A
  1. Initially manifests as weakness (sporadic and progressive)
  2. Bulbar impairments (swallowing and speaking affected)
  3. Cognitive sxs (fronto-temporal dementia)
35
Q

List 3 respiratory impairments that affect patients with ALS.

A
  1. Initial Impairments present as fatigue and compensated for by activity limitation
  2. 50% FVC –orthopnea, dyspnea at rest and ineffective cough
  3. 25% FVC acidosis, coma, death
36
Q

List 3 treatment considerations used to treat patients with ALS.

A
  1. Strength and Endurance Exercise in early stage
  2. Supporting weak muscles - wrist and cervical spine extensors
  3. Airway Clearance-Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation
37
Q

______ and ______ are common pathologies among patients with ALS.

A

Shoulder Hand Syndrome

Adhesive Capsulitis

38
Q

Aerobic exercise is associated with improved ____ measures in humans with ALS.

A

QOL

39
Q

_____ in every ____ people over 65 have Alzheimer’s disease.

A

1 in 9

11,000 in every 100,000

40
Q

How is a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease determined?

A

Cognitive decline and ruling out other causes

41
Q

The presence of _____ and _____ in the brain are characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease.

A

Amyloid plaques

Neurofibrillary tangles

42
Q

The amyloid core becomes surrounded by _____, _____, and other _______, representing ______ areas.

A

Fragmented axons
Altered glial cells
Cellular debris

Represent nonfunctional areas

43
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles develop in the ______ cells, leading to _____ and _____.

A

Pyramidal cells
Atrophy
Necrosis

44
Q

The first structure to show pathological cognitive behavioral changes in ALS patients is the ______.

A

Cerebral cortex

45
Q

List 2 early signs of cognitive behavioral changes in patients with ALS.

A
  1. Loss of ability to learn new information (declarative memory)
  2. Spatial disorientation
46
Q

List 3 late signs of cognitive behavioral changes in patients with ALS.

A
  1. Global memory loss
  2. Loss of comprehension
  3. Frontal lobe disinhibition
47
Q

The cognitive behavioral impairments associated with ALS are similar to those seen with ______.

A

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)

48
Q

It is possible for even severely dementedpatients to acquire and retain ___________ memories.

A

Motor type procedural memories

49
Q

List 3 movement disorders that may be seen in patients with MS.

A
  1. Akinsea
  2. Dystonia
  3. Rigidity
50
Q

The movement disorders seen in patients with ALS are similar to those seen in ______ and ______ Disease.

A

Parkinson’s

Huntington’s

51
Q

Exercise interventions improve _____ and decrease ____ and ______ in patients with Alzheimer’s and dementia.

A

Improve ADL function

Decrease fall risk and disease progression

Neurologic PT (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions