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Geology > Deformation and Mountain Building > Flashcards

Deformation and Mountain Building Flashcards

1
Q

Types of deformation

A

1) Bending.
2) Breaking.
3) Shortening
4) Stretching.
5) Shearing the rocks

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2
Q

Strain

A

Changes in shape

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3
Q

Deformational strain:

A

Joints
Folds
Faults
Foliation

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4
Q

Joints

A

Fractures that have no offset.

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5
Q

Folds

A

Layers that are bent by slow plastic flow.

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6
Q

Faults

A

Fractures that are offset.

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7
Q

Foliation

A

Planar metamorphic fabric.

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8
Q

Deformation results (3)

A

1) Translation
2) Rotation
3) Distortion

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9
Q

Translation:

A

change in location

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10
Q

Rotation:

A

change in orientation

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11
Q

Distortion

A

change in shape

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12
Q

Strain types (3)

A

1) Stretching
2) Shortening
3) Shear

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13
Q

Deformation types (2)

A

1) Brittle

2) Ductile

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14
Q

Ductile

A

rocks deform by flowing or folding
occur in deeper crust
Higher P and T

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15
Q

Ductile

A

rocks deform by flowing or folding
occur in deeper crust
Higher P and T

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16
Q

Compression

A

Compression takes place when an object is squeezed

causes folds to be prominant

17
Q

Compression

A

Compression takes place when an object is squeezed

18
Q

Shear

A

when two objects rub by one another

causes folds to flatten out

19
Q

Pressure

A

occurs when an object feels the same stress on all sides

20
Q

Pressure

A

occurs when an object feels the same stress on all sides

21
Q

Bearing

A

Compass direction

22
Q

Plunge

A

Angle from horizontal

23
Q

Thrust faults

A
  • older rock on top of newer rock
  • common: leading edge of orogenic deformation
  • shorten and thicken mountains
24
Q

Mylonites

A

Rocks from ductile shear zones

25
Q

Mylonites

A

Rocks from ductile shear zones

26
Q

Hinge

A

is a line along which the curvature is the greatest

27
Q

Limbs

A

less folded “sides” of the curve

28
Q

Axial plane

A

connects hinges of successive layers

29
Q

Syncline

A

is a fold that opens upward like a trough

30
Q

Syncline

A

is a fold that opens upward like a trough.

31
Q

Monocline

A

like a carpet draped over a single stair

32
Q

Dome

A

Circular landform
is a fold with the appearance of an overturned bowl.
exposes older rock

33
Q

How do folds develop? (2)

A

1) Flexural slip

2) Passive flow

34
Q

How do folds develop? (2)

A

1) Flexural slip

2) Passive flow

35
Q

Continental mountain building

A

caused by thrust faults
fold thrust belts move outward on either side
high mountains may eventually collapse

36
Q

Orogenesis creates (2)

A

1) Igneous rock

2) Metamorphic rock

37
Q

Orogenesis creates (2)

A

1) Igneous rock

2) Metamorphic rock

Geology (5 decks)

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