defintions of unit 1 Flashcards
What is Chemistry?
- The study of matter
- How it behaves and interacts and energy
What is Matter?
- Anything that takes up space (vol)
- Has mass (weight)
Ex: candles, tables and paper
What is Air made of ?
Is a homogenous mixture
-Oxygen (21%)
- carbon ( 78%)
both diatomic
What is CO2?
A product of exhale
- Is toxic to humans but vital for plants
-common component
What is Energy?
Anything that does not fit into the matter
Ex: electrical energy = No mass/ No vol
What are types of energy?
Thermal: measure of heat
Radiant: light, colors of light
What is an Atom?
Smallest building block of matter
-smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element
What is an Element?
Substances/ Pure Substances made of a single type of atom
Ex: “O” and “C”
What is a molcule?
A substance made when two or more atoms of a chemical bonded together to make a new unit of matter
Ex: Oxygen
- Carbon is not a molecule (is a compound)
What is a Compound?
A substance made when two or more DIFFERENT atoms chemically bond together to create a new unit of matter
Building blocks of matter?
Made of Atoms
Molecules bonded together?
requirement for molecules
Ex: CO2 + CCl4
Single type bonds?
Element + molcules
Diffferent type bond
Compound + Molcules
What are Properties?
It’s a description
- 2 types of properties
Physical Properties
can be observed and measured w/o changing the chemical composition of something
Ex: “what color is salt” = white
Chemical Properties
Characteristics that describe the way the substance behaves or interacts with/ other substances
-might change composition/ or resist to change
EX: water doesn’t burn; it boils =does not undergo change
what are Changes?
changes made to a substance
-can be chemical or physical
Physical Changes
Changes to substance, not a chem comp (reversible)
Ex: solids melt, liquids boil or freeze
-can also cut/ crushed, mixed or filtered
Chemical Changes
changes to a substance comp + something new (w/ a new chem compound) (NOT reversible)
Ex: original sub: wood -> chem change: burning -> new sub: ash/ charcoal
States of matter (short hand)
solid (s), gas (g), liquid (l), and aqueous( aq)
Solids
- fixed shape/volume
-none compressibility
-regular pattern
-fixed location
-low energy ( little movement)
Liquids
-takes shape of container
-fixed volume
-none compressibility
-Close and random pattern
-Moves slower than solids
-Energy is higher than solids
Gas
-variable/takes shape of container
-same as shape for volume
-high compressibility
-very far apart pattern/jumbled
-no attraction
-energy is highest of all states
Mixtures
two or more substances physically combined
-not represented by symbols or formulas
-separated by physical means
-doesn’t combine in same proportions.
Heterogenous
-A mixture
-not uniform
ex: ocean water, soil or blood
Homogenous
-a solution
-uniform
-Will not separate over time
includes rare substance
Ex: salt water, gasoline, and stainless steel
Alloys
-solutions of two or more metals
law of conservation
Lavoisier
- total amount of energy that remains constant
-can neither be created or destroyed
-only transferrable from one to another
kinteic energy
-the energy an object possesses due to its motion
Reactant
A sub. that takes part in and undergo change during a reaction
Product
the substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction
chemical reaction
-the process where one or more sub. (reactant) are transformed into diff. sub. (product)
- by rearranging the atoms w/in them, resulting in a new sub. w/ diff properties
Atomic theory
-John dalton
All matter is composed of small indestructible particles called ATOMS
