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Geo Revision > Defintions —> Keywords > Flashcards

Defintions —> Keywords Flashcards

1
Q

Pieces of country rock within igneous rocks

A

Xenoliths

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2
Q

Fine crystal size ultramafic igneous rocks

A

Kimberlites

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3
Q
  • Rich in Fe and Mg
  • Basaltic (Dolerite and Gabbro)
  • 2.9 gcm^-3
  • < 200Ma
  • 5-10km thickness (average = 7km)
A

Oceanic crust

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4
Q
  • Rich in Al and Si
  • Granitic (igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary)
  • 2.7 gcm^-3
  • < 4000Ma
  • < 90km (average = 35km)
A

Continental crust

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5
Q

The higher the altitude, the further you are from the centre of the Earth

A

Free Air Anomaly

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6
Q

Minus 1mgal from the gravity for each 10m above sea level

A

Bouger Anomaly

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7
Q

The point of equilibrium between the lithosphere and asthenosphere where the lithosphere ‘floats’ on top of the asthenosphere

A

Isostacy

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8
Q

The rising up of land masses that were once depressed by ice

A

Isostatic rebound

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9
Q

Ancestor of an alligator, couldn’t swim far, travelled on land. Found in South America and Africa

A

Mesosaurus

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10
Q

Plant leaf, found in South America, Africa, India, Australia and Antarctica

A

Glossopteris

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11
Q

Ancestor of walrus/seal, couldn’t swim. Found in: Africa, India and Antarctica

A

Lystrosaurus

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12
Q

Glacial deposits, found in: South America, Africa, India, Australia and Antarctica

A

Tillites

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13
Q

Texture of a rock where minerals are deposited in vesicles

A

Amygdaloidal texture

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14
Q

Large intrusive igneous body, > 100km^2

A

Batholith

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15
Q

Large intrusive igneous body, < 100km^2

A

Pluton

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16
Q

A sill which steps up a bed

A

Transgressive sill

17
Q

A fracture in a competent rock with no observable movement

A

Joint

18
Q

The area formed by upthrow between two normal faults

A

Horst

19
Q

The area formed from downthrow between two normal faults

A

Graben

20
Q

Calcite + carbonic acid —> calcium + hydrogen carbonate ions

A

Carbonation

21
Q

Feldspar + carbonic acid (water) —> kaolite + calcite

A

Hydrolysis

22
Q

What are the three main minerals in sedimentary rocks

A

Calcite, Aragonite and Dolomite

23
Q

A technique for 3D imaging of the subsurface of the Earth, using seismic waves

A

Seismic tomography

24
Q

Calcite, gypsum, anhydrite, halite, sylvite

A

Sequence of evaporation

25
Q

The head of a trilobite

A

Cephalon

26
Q

The body of a trilobite

A

Thorax

27
Q

The tail of a trilobite

A

Pygidium

28
Q

A ‘gap’ in the geological record

A

Unconformity

29
Q

The maximum size grain a river can carry

A

Competence (fluvial environment)

30
Q

River channels in hot deserts where water flow is very occasional

A

Wadi

31
Q

Temporary lakes formed from storm surface run-off in hot deserts where there is inland drainage

A

Playa lake

Geo Revision (4 decks)

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