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150 Words To Know For Global Regents > Defintions > Flashcards

Defintions Flashcards

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Global History & Geography Regents flashcards
1
Q

Absolutism/ Absolute Monarchy

A

A government in which the ruler’s power is unlimited

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2
Q

Arable/ Agrarian/ Agricultural

A

Fertile soil/ agricultural/ farming

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3
Q

Animism/ Shintoism

A

Belief that all things in nature have a spirit/ Shintoism is a form of animism in Japan

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4
Q

Anti- Semitism

A

A term used to describe the discrimination of Jews by other groups of people

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5
Q

Apartheid

A

South Africa’s legal system 1948-1994 completely separating whites and blacks

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6
Q

Appeasement

A

A policy of giving in to an aggressor in hopes of avoiding war

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7
Q

Archeologist vs. Anthropologist

A

Scientist who studies artifacts
Vs.
Scientist who studies ancient cultures

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8
Q

Authoritarian/ Autocratic/ Dictatorship/ Totalitarian

A

Use of absolute power by the government, usually a single leader

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9
Q

Atlantic Slave Trade/ Triangle. Trade/ Middle Passage

A

Europeans traded guns and trinkets to African tribes for slaves who were brought to Americas to work

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10
Q

Aztecs/ Mayas/ Incas

A

Civilizations in Latin America before Columbus arrived; Aztecs conquered by Cortes; Incas conquered by Pizarro

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11
Q

Balance of power/ Congress of Vienna/ Metternich

A

Meeting of European monarchs after defeat of Napoleon led by Metternich; agreed to make sure no one country got more power than others

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12
Q

Berlin Wall vs. Berlin Airlift

A 
Wall = symbol of Cold War; split between democratic west and communist east 
Airlift = Western Allies flew supplies into West Berlin while Stalin blocked access to city
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13
Q

Boxer Rebellion vs. Sepoy Mutiny

A

Both rebellions against Europeans Boxer in China; Sepoy in India

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14
Q

Buddhism

A

Philosophy started by Siddhartha Gautama; believes in Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path

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15
Q

Capital/ Capitalism/ Adam Smith/ Wealth of Nations

A 
Capital = Money 
Capitalism = economic system based on wealth; profit
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16
Q

Cash crop

A

Crop grown for export; examples include tobacco and cotton

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17
Q

Caste system/ limited mobility

A

A class system determined by birth in Hinduism; not able to switch classes unless through reincarnation

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18
Q

Caudillos

A

Latin American dictator

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19
Q

Civil disobedience/ Non- violent resistance

A

Type of rebellion in which people refuse to obey unjust laws

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20
Q

Civilization

A

Advanced form of culture in which people build cities, use writing and other technical skills

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21
Q

Cold War

A

1945- 1991; ideological conflict between communist Soviet Union and democratic USA; “hot spots” included Korea and Vietnam Wars

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22
Q

Collectivization/ collective farm

A

Policy in which small farms are taken by the government and made into large farms owned by government; like Stalin did

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23
Q

Colony/ Colonialism/ imperialism

A

Area in which a foreign nation takes control over another region

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24
Q

Command economy/ Communism

A

System in which the government makes all economic decisions

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25
Q

Commercial Revolution

A

Growth of trade and business during late Middle Ages in Europe

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26
Q

Confucianism

A

Philosophy in China; main message was a person can achieve peace and harmony by fulfilling his proper role in family and society (5 Relationships)

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27
Q

Conquistadors

A

Spanish conquerors in the Americas

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28
Q

Counter- Reformation/ Catholic Reformation

A

Reform movement in Catholic Church in response to Protestant Reformation- changed some of the corrupt practices of the Catholic Church

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29
Q

Crusades

A

1095-1291

Holy wars between European Christians and Middle Eastern Muslims for control of Jerusalem and the Holy land

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30
Q

Cubans Revolution/ Cuban Missile Crisis/ Bay of Pigs Invasion

A

1959- Castro makes Cuba communist; USA tries to block nuclear missiles from being placed in Cuba and tried to overthrow Castro

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31
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

The exchange of different ideas and goods between cultures

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32
Q

Cultural diversity

A

Differences in religion, language, traditions, and culture among members of a population

33
Q

Cultural Revolution

A

Mao Zedong in China used students call the Ref Guards to get rid of his opponents in the Communist Party

34
Q

Culture

A

The way of life of a group of people

35
Q

Deforestation vs. Direct Democracy vs. Representative Democracy

A

Dem= rule by the people

Direct Dem

36
Q

Divine right theory vs. Mandate of Heaven

A

Idea that rulers get their power from God/ Heaven

37
Q

Boycott/ Sanction

A

Refusal to trade with someone or nation

38
Q

Encomienda/ Repartimiento

A

System in which Native Americans had to work for Spanish settlers

39
Q

Enlightened Despot

A

Absolute ruler who uses his or her power to bring about some change

40
Q

French Revolution

A

1789- 1799

French Rebelled against their king and created a republic

41
Q

Fundamentalism

A

When a religion emphasizes strict obedience to its holy book

42
Q

Genocide vs. Ethnic cleansing vs. Holocaust

A

Policy of mass murder against a specific group of people; Holocaust = specific genocide against Jews in WWII

43
Q

Glasnost vs. Perestroika

A

2 Polices of Gorbachev - glasnost allowed more “openness” in Soviet society; perestroika allowed more economic freedoms

44
Q

Global interdependence

A

When nations depend on each other, especially in terms of trade

45
Q

Global Warming/ Greenhouse effect

A

When pollution in the atmosphere trap heat in earth’s atmosphere resulting in permanent rise in temperature

46
Q

Golden Age

A

A period of peace and prosperity with achievements in the arts and sciences

47
Q

Great Leap Forward

A

Program by Mao Zedong which tries to modernize China’s agriculture and Industry; devastating results

48
Q

Green Revolution

A

Use of chemical fertilizers and scientific advances to create greater food production through “super plants”

49
Q

GNP (Gross National Product) / GDP (Gross Domestic Product)/ per capita

A

Total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year
Per capital= per person

50
Q

Hammurabi’s Code vs. Justinian’s code vs. Law of Twelve Tables

A

Written (codified) law codes in Mesopotamia, Byzantine Empire, and Rome

51
Q

Hieroglyphics vs., cuneiform

A

Early writing systems in Egypt and Mesopotamia

52
Q

Hinduism

A

Main religion of India based in reincarnation and caste system

53
Q

Humanism

A

Intellectual movement associated with the Renaissance which focused on the abilities of man rather than religion

54
Q

Industrial Revolution/ Industrialization

A

1750- 1900s

Change in the way goods are produced from home to the factory

55
Q

Iron Curtain

A

Term used to describe the division between communist easter Europe a s democratic Western Europe

56
Q

Islam

A

Monotheistic religion started in Arabian peninsula by Mohammed; Allah is the name for God

57
Q

Khmer Rouge/ Pol Pot

A

Cambodian communist group led by Pol Pot

-responsible for genocide in 1970s

58
Q

Koran/ Qu’ran

A

Holy book of Islam

59
Q

League of Nations vs. United Nations

A

Both organizations intended to keep world peace. League existed between WWI and WWII; UN has existed since WWII

60
Q

Liberation theology

A

Movement by some Catholic nuns and priests in Latin America to encourage people to fight for social justice

61
Q

“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

A

Slogan of French Revolution

62
Q

Machismo vs. Patriarchal

A

Both terms refer to belief that men are superior

63
Q

Magna Carta/ Petition of Right/ Glorious Revolution

A

3 events in England that took power away from the monarch

64
Q

Marshall Plan vs. Truman Doctrine

A

Both were Us policies that gave economic aid to countries so they could resist communism

65
Q

Meiji Restoration

A

The modernization of Japan

66
Q

Mercantilism

A

Economic system in which colonies give their resources to the mother country and the other country sells back manufactured goods to colony

67
Q

Militarism

A

When a country builds up their military power

68
Q

Mixed economy

A

An economic system that has some private industry and some government ownership of industries

69
Q

Monarchy/ Monarch

A

Government led by a king/ queen

70
Q

Monotheism vs. polytheism

A

One God vs. many gods

71
Q

Monsoon

A

Seasonal wind

72
Q

Nationalism vs. Nationalization

A

Pride in one’s country vs. a government taking control of a nation’s industries

73
Q

Natural rights

A

According to John Locke, man’s rights to life, liberty, and property

74
Q

Paleolithic Age vs. Neolithic Revolution

A

Era of hunting and gathering vs. era of settled agriculture

75
Q

Ninety- Five Theses

A

Martin Luther’s 95 complaints against the Catholic Church which started the Protestant Reformation

76
Q

Nomad

A

A person who wanders in search of food

77
Q

Nonalignment

A

Foreign policy position during Cold War in which a country chose to remain neutral (not take sides)

78
Q

NAFTA (North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement)

A

Trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and USA that allows free trade, no tariffs

79
Q

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) vs. Warsaw Pact

A

Military defense groups- an attack on one is seen as an attack on all
NATO- Western democracies
Warsaw Pact- European communist nations

150 Words To Know For Global Regents (1 decks)

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