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Physics A2 > Defintions > Flashcards

Defintions Flashcards

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1
Q

Impulse

A

Change in momentum

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2
Q

Circular motion

A
  • Motion I which the the velocity, and therefore momentum, is always changing
  • Resultant force and acceleration act perpendicularly to the direction of motion, towards the centre
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3
Q

Radian

A

The angle subtended by a circle of radius r, with arc length r

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4
Q

Angular speed

A

The angle an object moves through per second

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5
Q

Simple harmonic motion

A

Motion where acceleration is directly proportional to displacement, but acceleration and displacement act in opposite directions

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6
Q

Period

A

Time for one oscillation

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7
Q

Frequency

A

Oscillations per second

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8
Q

Damping

A

Change in amplitude due to force that causes an oscillating object to lose energy

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9
Q

Damped oscillation

A

Oscillations in a system decreasing in amplitude because of a force opposing motion and causing the oscillating object to lose energy. Acts oppositely to velocity

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10
Q

Mechanical energy

A

Sum of potential and kinetic energy in an oscillating system

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11
Q

Critical damping

A

Damping that causes the amplitude to reduce to zero in he shortest possible time

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12
Q

Over damping

A

Heavy damping that takes a longer time than critical damping to reach an amplitude of zero

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13
Q

Resonance

A

When the frequency of the applied force is equal to the natural frequency of the system and it oscillates with maximum amplitude

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14
Q

Driving frequency

A

Frequency of external force applied

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15
Q

Natural frequency

A

Frequency of free oscillations of an oscillating system

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16
Q

Resonant frequency

A

The frequency at which the amplitude is at its maximum

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17
Q

Conservation of momentum

A

In any collision or explosion, the total momentum remains constant in the system, provided no external force acts on the system

18
Q

Gravitational field

A

A region in which a mass experiences a force

19
Q

Gravitational field strength

A

The force acting per unit mass

20
Q

Newtons law of gravitation

A
  • Force is proportional to the products of the two masses

* Inversely proportional to the distance between the two squared

21
Q

Gravitational potential

A

Work done per unit mass to move a mass from infinity to a known point in the field

22
Q

Gravitational potential gradient

A

Change in gravitational potential over a distance

23
Q

Equipotential

A

Lines of constant potential

24
Q

Geosynchronous satellite

A

A satellite orbiting exactly above the equator with a period of 24 hours

25
Q

Orbital period

A

The time it takes for the satellite to make one complete orbit around a mass

26
Q

Electric field

A

Region where a charged particle experiences a force

27
Q

Electric field strength

A

The force per unit charge of a positive test charge

28
Q

Coulomb’s law

A
  • Force between two charged particles is proportional to product of charges
  • Inversely proportional to the distance between them squared
29
Q

Electric potential

A

The work done per unit charge on a small positive test charge when moving the charge from infinity to a point

30
Q

Dielectric

A

Two electrical conducting plates, separated by an electrical conductor

31
Q

Time constant

A

The time taken for the charge to drop to 1/e percent of its original value (around 63 percent)

32
Q

Magnetic field

A

A region which a magnetic force acts on a charged body or magnetically susceptible materials

33
Q

Motor effect

A

The force on a current carrying conductor due to a magnetic field

34
Q

Electromagnetic induction

A

The generation of an emf when the magnetic flux linkage through a coil changes or when a conductor cuts magnetic field lines

35
Q

Back emf

A

Emf induced in a spinning coil or an electric motor or in any coil in which the current is changing. The back end acts against the potential difference

36
Q

Magnetic flux

A

The product of the magnetic flux density and the area it is covering

37
Q

Flux linkage

A

The product of the magnetic flux and the and the number of coil turns cutting the field

38
Q

Faradays law

A

The induced emf is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux linkage

39
Q

Lenz’s law

A

The induced emf is always in such a direction that opposes the the change that causes it

40
Q

Transformer

A

Something that converts the amplitude of an alternating potential difference to a different value

41
Q

Eddy currents

A

Unwanted induced currents in the metal parts of transformers

Physics A2 (2 decks)

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