Defintions

Question 0

Bilateral aid

Answer 0

Where aid is given by one country directly to another. An example of bilateral aid is when Australia provides aid to East Timor

Question 1

Behavioural determinants

Answer 1

Actions or patterns of living of an individual or a group that impact on health, such as smoking, sexual activity, participation in physical activity, eating practices

Question 2

Biological determinants

Answer 2

Factors relating to the body that impact on health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels

Question 3

Biomedical model of health

Answer 3

Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. It is a medical model of care practised by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, cure and treatment of disease

Question 4

Burden of disease

Answer 4

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries. Specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)

Question 5

Determinants of health

Answer 5

‘Factors that raise or lower a level of health in a population or individual. Determinants of health help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have better or worse health than others.’ (AIHW, 2006). Determinants can be classified in many ways such as biological, behavioural, physical environment and social

Question 6

Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)

Answer 6

A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury

Question 13

Incidence

When referring to morbidity

Answer 13

The number or rate of new cases of a disease during a specified period of time (usually a twelve month period)

Question 15

Global health

Answer 15

The health of populations in a worldwide context that go beyond the perspectives and concerns of individual countries. Global health is about an international collaborative approach to achieving equity in health for all people worldwide.

Question 16

Health

Answer 16

A complete state of physical, social and mental wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 17

Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

Answer 17

A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.

Question 18

Mortality

Answer 18

Deaths in the population

Question 19

Mortality rate

Sometimes referred to as ‘death rate’

Answer 19

The measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one-year period (usually per 100,000)

Question 20

Health status

Answer 20

An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors

Question 21

Human development

Answer 21

Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests. It is about expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities (the range of things people can be and do), having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living, and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives.

Question 22

Physical dimension of health

Answer 22

Relates to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks ad physical fitness

Question 23

Physical environment

Answer 23

The physical surroundings in which we live, work and play. The physical environment includes water and air, workplaces,mousing, roads, nature, schools, recreation settings and exposure to hazards

Question 24

Prevalence

Answer 24

‘The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time’ (AIHW, 2006)

Question 25

Years lost due to disability (YLD)

Answer 25

A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability

Question 26

Years of life lost (YLL)

Answer 26

A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death

Question 27

Social determinants

Answer 27

Aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such ad poverty, early life experiences, social networks and support

Question 28

Social dimensions of health

Answer 28

Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way

Question 29

Under-five mortality rate (U5MR)

Answer 29

‘The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births’ (WHO, 2008)

Question 30

Human Development Index

Answer 30

A tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank countries’ levels of social and economic development. It provides a single statistic based on three dimensions- health, education and living standards, and four indicators- life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and gross national income per capita

Question 32

Life expectancy

Answer 32

An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change

Question 33

Mental dimensions of health

Answer 33

State of well-being in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community

Question 34

Morbidity

Answer 34

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group

Question 35

Health promotion

Answer 35

“The process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health.” They aim to encourage behaviour change before disease become a problem (disease prevention)

Question 36

Sustainability

Answer 36

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Question 37

Sustainable human development

Answer 37

A process of people striving to achieve their full potential, lead more productive lives, expand their choices and meet their needs without compromising the opportunities for future generations to meet their own needs

Question 38

Sustainable human development

Answer 38

A process of people striving to achieve their full potential, lead more productive lives, expand their choices and meet their needs without compromising the opportunities for future generations to meet their own needs