Defintions 2 Flashcards
Wernicke’s area
Interpreting speech, receptive aphasia, can’t understand the language, but can speak fine
Broca’s area
Motor development of speech, know what they want to say, but can’t say it. In frontal lobe
Meningitis
An infection of the nervous system
Transient Ischemic attacks
Mini strokes
Parts of the external ear
- Auricle/pinna
- External auditory meatus
- Tragus
- Helix
- Lobule
- Tympanic membrane
Parts of the middle ear
- Malleus
- Incus
- Stapes
- Eustachian tube
Parts of the inner ear (aka labyrinth)
- Bony labyrinth
- Vestibule
- Semicircular canals
- Cochlea
How the ear works
- Sound waves enter the ear
- They strike the tympanic membrane
- Stapes vibrates the oval window
- Vibrations enter cochlea (which vibrates it’s basilar membrane)
- These vibrations bend hair cells and convert to electrical impulses which travel to the brain via cranial nerve 8
3 types of hearing loss
- Conductive (mechanical, otosclerosis)
- Sensorineural (nerve damage)
- Mixed
Otosclerosis
A hereditary disorder which cause progressive hearing loss due to overgrowth of bone in the inner ear
Tinnitus
Ringing in ears
Vertigo
Spinning sensation
Otitis
Ear infection
Labyrinthitis
Inner ear infection
Accessory structures of the eye
- Eyelids
- Eyelashes
- Palpebral fissures
- Canthus
- Lacrimal apparatus
- Extra ocular muscles (4 rectus, 2 oblique)
Internal eye
Outer layer: sclera, cornea
Middle layer: choroid, iris, pupil, lens, anterior/posterior chamber
Inner layer: retina, optic disk, vessels, macula, fovea centralis
External ocular structures of the eye
- Eyebrows
- Eyelids/lashes
- Eyeballs
- Conjunctiva
- Sclera
- Lacrimal apparatus
Anterior eyeball structures
- Cornea
- Lens
- Iris
- Pupil
(CLIP)
Parts of the ocular fundus
- Red reflex
- Optic disk
- Retinal vessels
- Fundus background
- Macula
Three layers of the heart
- Pericardium (allows heart to move)
- Myocardium (thicker on left side than right)
- Endocardium (slippery; all over inside of heart)
Order of conduction pathway in heart
- Sinoatrial node (SA - the pacemaker)
- Atrioventricular node (AV)
- Bundle of his
- Left and right branches
- Purkinje fibers
Reynaud’s disease
Hands turn pink or blue with stress, hot/cold
Lymphedema
Swelling caused by lymph accumulation in the affected tissue
Upper respiratory system
Mouth, nose, pharynx
Larynx
Transition between upper and lower respiratory systems
Lower respiratory system
Trachea, bronchi, lungs
Conducting zone
Nose/mouth to terminal bronchioles (dead space)
Respiratory zone
(Acini) respiratory bronchioles to alveoli
Acinus (acini)
A region of the lung supplied with air from one of the terminal bronchioles
Internal respiration
Exchange of gases between blood and tissue
External respiration
Exchange of gases between alveoli and blood
Micro enema
5ml, hypertonic, draws water into colon and lubricates stool
Hypertonic enema
Solution, draws water into colon
Hypotonic enema
Tap water, distends colon, stimulates peristalsis, and softens feces
Isotonic enema
Normal saline, distends colon, stimulates peristalsis, and softens stool
Soapsuds enema
Soap and water, irritates mucosa, distends colon
Oil enema
Lubricates feces and colonic mucosa
Liver
Metabolism and storage
Spleen
Lymphatic tissue, blood storage, antibodies, filter blood
Pancreas
Digestion, insulin production
Kidneys
Ursine production
Adrenal glands
Hormones (essential for life and homeostasis)
Ovaries
Reproduction
Uterus
Pregnancy
Stomach
Storage, mixing, emptying
Gallbladder
Bile storage/secretion
Small intestines
Digestion and absorption
Colon
Absorption, secretion, and elimination
Bladder
Stores urine, micturition
Moro reflex
Startle reflex. Stretch out arms and flew legs
Preload
Venous return that builds during diastole.
After load
The opposing pressure that the ventricle must generate to open the aortic valve against the higher aortic pressure
Pruritis
Severe itching of the skin