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ecology > defintions > Flashcards

defintions Flashcards

1
Q

ecosystem

A

living organisms that share a region and interact with each other and their non-living environment

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2
Q

population

A

all of the individuals of a single species in a particular area

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3
Q

community

A

individuals from all of the populations

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4
Q

sustainable ecosystems

A

natural ecosystems that maintain a relatively constant set of characteristics over a long period of time

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5
Q

limiting factor

A

any factor that places an upper limit on the size of a population

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6
Q

tolerance range

A

the range of conditions within which an organism is able to survive

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7
Q

competition

A

tow individuals vie for the same resource

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8
Q

predation

A

one individual feeds on another

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9
Q

mutualism

A

two individuals benefiting each other

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10
Q

parasitism

A

one individual lives on or in and feeds on a host organism

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11
Q

commensalism

A

one individual benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed

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12
Q

ecological pyramids

A

display relationships between trophic levels in ecosystems

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13
Q

food chain

A

a sequence of organisms, each feeding on the next, showing how energy is transferred from one organism to another

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14
Q

food web

A

a representation of the feeding relationships within a community

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15
Q

ecological niche

A

the role of a species within its ecosystem

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16
Q

producer

A

an organism that makes its own energy, the base for all food chains, any green plants

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17
Q

consumer

A

an organism that can’t make its own food, has to feed on other organisms to survive. insects

18
Q

detritus

A

organic matter produced by the decomposition of organisms. fallen leaves

19
Q

decomposer

A

an organism that decomposes organic materials. fungi

20
Q

trophic level

A

the position of an organism along a food chain

21
Q

carrying capacity

A

the size of a population that an ecosystem can support (its upper limit)

22
Q

population growth

A

the increase of individuals in a population

23
Q

exponential growth

A

the unrestricted growth of a population of organisms

24
Q

equilibrium

A

the condition in which all acting influences are balanced or cancelled by equal opposing forces, resulting in a stable system

25
Q

species at risk

A

any organism in danger of extinction

26
Q

endangered

A

a species facing imminent extirpation or extinction

27
Q

extirpated

A

a species that no longer exists in a specific area

28
Q

threatened

A

a species that is likely to become endangered if factors reducing its survival are not changed

29
Q

biodiversity

A

the variety of life found in an area

30
Q

biomes

A

an area classified to the organisms and climate in that location

31
Q

photosynthesis

A

converting light energy into chemical energy. carbon dioxide and water convert light energy into sugar and oxygen

32
Q

cellular respiration

A

making stored energy. sugar and oxygen is converted into carbon dioxide and water and energy

33
Q

atmosphere

A

the layer of gases extending up for hundreds of kilometres. acts like a blanket to moderate surface temperature

34
Q

lithosphere

A

the rocky outer shell of the earth. consists of rocks and materials

35
Q

hydrosphere

A

consists of all water, on, above, and below Earth’s surface

36
Q

biosphere

A

the locations in which life can exist. very thin

37
Q

fragmentation

A

the dividing up of a region into smaller parcels or fragments

38
Q

bioaccumulation

A

the accumulation and concentration of pesticides in the body of an individual

39
Q

bioamplification

A

any concentration or accumulation of a toxin (pesticides) in the body of an individual

40
Q

urban sprawl

A

the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas

41
Q

invasive species

A

introduced species with growing populations that have spread and have a negative effect on the environment

42
Q

monoculture

A

the cultivation of a single crop in a given area

ecology (1 decks)

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