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Sociology > Defintions > Flashcards

Defintions Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define culture…

A

This refers to the shared learned way of life in a society

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2
Q

Define tradition…

A

This refers to the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation

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3
Q

Define material culture…

A

This refers to the physical things that people create and attach emotional meaning to.

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4
Q

Define Non- material culture…

A

This refers to non- physical things, people sharing their rules, traditions, languages and history

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5
Q

Define collectivists culture…

A

This refers to belonging to the group as more important than personal freedom

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6
Q

Define individualist culture…

A

This refers to the view that society favours individuals having freedom of action rather than their being under state or collective control

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7
Q

Define social construction…

A

Any idea that is created and given special meaning by people

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8
Q

Define instincts…

A

A tendency to behave in certain ways that is unlearned and often considered innate

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9
Q

Define norms…

A

This refers to the expected behaviours for a culture

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10
Q

Define values…

A

This refers to the basic rules shared by most people in society

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11
Q

Define Beliefs…

A

This refers to the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true.

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12
Q

Define roles..

A

This refers to the expected behaviours for any situation that we may find ourselves in.

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13
Q

Define status…

A

This refers to the persons position in society. Ascribed or achieved

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14
Q

Define cultural diversity…

A

This refers to the differences in behaviours between groups

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15
Q

Define mores…

A

This refers to the ways of behaving that are seen as good or moral

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16
Q

Define symbols…

A

This refers to gestures, signs, objects, signals and words that help people understand the world and are particular to a certain culture

17
Q

Define languages…

A

This refers to the study of the relations between communication in society

18
Q

Define culture shock…

A

This refers to a feeling of anxiety and disorientation that occurs when an individual encounters an unfamiliar culture or way of life

19
Q

Define ethnocentric…

A

This refers to the belief that one’s own culture is central to an understanding of the world

20
Q

Define cultural relativity…

A

This refers to the belief that the behaviours and customs of any culture must be viewed and analysed by the cultures own standards

21
Q

Define main stream culture…

A

This refers to the dominating and most popular group in society

22
Q

Define Multi-culturalism…

A

This refers to the different cultures and beliefs in one society

23
Q

Define deviant…

A

This refers to an action or behaviour that violates social norms: breaking rules

24
Q

Define counter culture..

A

This refers to a group that strongly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks alternative lifestyles

25
Q

Define subculture…

A

This refers to a category of people who share distinguishing attributes, beliefs, values and norms that set them apart in some significant manner from dominant culture

26
Q

Define social change…

A

This refers to the differences in the way that people generally think or act

27
Q

Define nature…

A

This refers to the idea that people are shaped primarily by genetics and biology

28
Q

Define nurture…

A

This refers to the idea that our environment influences our behaviour and by participating in social life we will determine how to behave

29
Q

Define nativism…

A
  • This refers to the argument that social characteristics of people have arisen through evolution
30
Q

Define socialisation…

A

The process by which humans learn and internalise their culture’s norms and values

31
Q

define peer group…

A

-This refers to people of the same or similar age or status

32
Q

Define primary socialisation..

A

-This refers to the child learning their norms and values from their family in their home

33
Q

define agents of socialisation..

A

This refers to any social group or organisation that based on cultural norms and values

34
Q

what are sanctions?

A

a process of social control which helps regulates our behaviour ensuring conformity to norms and values of society, positive or negative, formal or informal

Sociology (2 decks)

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