Definitons related toexperimentalinvestigations Flashcards
Aim
the aim identifies the purpose of the experiment
dependet variable
variable being tested and measured
independent variable
variable that is being manipulated in the experimenet
controlled variable
variable that remains constant throughout the whole experiement.
hypothesis
an educated guess of what the results of the experiment will be.
experimental group
the experimental groupis thegroup that recivesthe variable thatthe researchers are testing
control group
a group in the experiment where the variable is not being tested and also acts as a baseline against which the results are compared to
Qualitative data
data that is descriptive ratherthan numerical
quantitative data
data that is represented numerically
accuracy
the quality of the data being correct
how toimprove the accuracyrof expierment
- by increasing sample size which eliminates bias which interferes with accuracy
- by reducing erros
precision
the defree to whcirepeated measuremstn give tesame result
how would you improve precision
1.repeat the experiment many times with the same method
validity
is how well a method/experiment meausres what it has intended to measure
reliability
refers to how consistently a method measures something
repetition will only
determinethe reliabilty of theexperimetn not imporveit
how to improve reliability of an experiment
use valid and reliable measuring tools and measure repeatdely.
repeatabilty
measures the variation in measurements takenby a single instruememt or person under the sameconditions
repeatidibiltiy
refers to whether an entirestudy or experiment can repeat on its own
2 types of random errors
observational and enviornmental errors
random observational errors
errors arise when the reading in the instrument is noted incorrectly.
random enviornmetal errors
happens when some factor in the environment, such as an uncommon event, leads to error
what do random errors affect
precision and reliabilty of the experiment
Howwould you avoid/reduce impact onthe results of random erros
taking repeated measuremnts, large sample space and controlling extraneous variables.
systematic error
error which causes the measurement to be wrong by the same amount each time.
systmeeiatic errors happen due to an issue in the method itself.
Instrumental error
measurement instruments give inaccurate readings,
systemtiatitc environemtal error
When the surrounding environment (such as a lab) causes errors in the experiment
sysmteatic observational errors
when the measurement is consistnately read incorrectly
what do systmeatic erros affect
the accuracy of a measurement, or how close the observed value is to the true value.
outlier
value that is very differnetfrom all the other values in thedata set
limitingfactor
a variable of the enviornement that is capable of limiting a process.
