Definitons

Question 1

Define Advance decision/directive

Answer 1

Decision taken when competent to refuse specified medical treatment if mental capacity is lost in the future.
NB advanced directives cannot demand treatment

Question 2

Define Assisted suicide

Answer 2

The provision of means to enable a person to take the final act to end their life

Question 3

Define Autonomy

Answer 3

Self rule, freedom from external constraint and the ability to exercise critical mental capacity

Question 4

Define basic care

Answer 4

Procedures which provide comfort or alleviate symptoms or distress- includes oral nutrition and hydration

Question 5

Define battery

Answer 5

Physical touching without consent or legal authority

Question 6

Define Beneficence

Answer 6

Provision of benefit and contribution to welfare

Question 7

Define best interests

Answer 7

The criteria for determining whether a treatment for patients lacking capacity is legally and morally justified. It includes consideration of the benefits and harms of the proposed treatment and the values and views of the patient where known

Question 8

Define capacity

Answer 8

The legal ability to make healthcare decisions

Question 9

Define casuistry

Answer 9

Process of using previous experiences from previous cases to determine a course of action in a current case that is similar.

Case based method of reasoning-

Question 10

Define competence

Answer 10

The ability to understand retain and weigh up information in order to make a particular healthcare decision.
Tends to be used interchangeably with capacity

Question 11

Define confidentiality

Answer 11

The obligation to keep safe and secret health information provided in the course of a professional relationship

Question 12

Define conscientious objection

Answer 12

The right to refuse to participate in certain medical procedures based on religious or ethical grounds

Question 13

Define consent

Answer 13

The agreement to a treatment or procedure

Question 14

Define consequentialism

Answer 14

Consequentialism is based on two principles:

Whether an act is right or wrong depends only on the results of that act
The more good consequences an act produces, the better or more right that act

Question 15

Define deontology

Answer 15

A moral theory based on rights and obligations

Question 16

Define euthanasia

Answer 16

An action to deliberately bring about the death of a person with the aim of relieving suffering

Question 17

Define Gillick competence

Answer 17

Children under 16 can consent to medical treatment if they have sufficient understanding and intelligence regarding the nature purpose and likely consequences of the proposed treatment.

Question 18

Define informed consent

Answer 18

The informed choice of a patient to consent to medical treatment based on the provision of sufficient understandable information

Question 19

Define justice

Answer 19

Fair equitable and appropriate decision making.

Question 20

Define negligence

Answer 20

Conduct that falls below the standard reasonable expected in the circumstances

Question 21

Define nonmaleficence

Answer 21

Do no harm- the obligation to avoid or minimise harm

Question 22

Define paternalism

Answer 22

Overriding a persons known preferences based on the justification that this will benefit them or avoid harm to them

Question 23

Define passive euthanasia

Answer 23

Withholding and withdrawing life-prolonging medical treatment resulting in that persons death e.g turning off a ventilator

Question 24

Define psychiatric advanced directive

Answer 24

A document which sets out a persons instructions or preferences regarding future mental health treatment in the event of loss of capacity due to psychiatric illness

Question 25

Quality adjusted life year (QALY)

Answer 25

A measure of calculating the cost effectiveness of treatment combining the quality and quantity of life achieved through a medical intervention

Question 26

Define Quality of life

Answer 26

The value of life assessed by reference to certain attributes including mental and physical abilities rather than length

Question 27

Define sanctity of life

Answer 27

All life has intrinsic value irrespective of the features or quality of a particular life

Question 28

Define suicide

Answer 28

An act performed by an individual with the knowledge and intention that the action will result in death

Question 29

Define utilitarianism

Answer 29

A consequentialist moral theory which provides that the right course of action is that which promotes the greatest happiness for the greatest number

Question 30

Define virtue ethics

Answer 30

A moral theory which provides that an action is morally right if it is what a virtuous agent would do in those circumstances