Definitons

Question 1

Molar mass

Answer 1

Mass in grams of one mole of that substance

Question 2

Solution

Answer 2

Homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent

Question 3

Solute

Answer 3

Substance that is dissolved in the solution

Question 4

Solvent

Answer 4

Substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution

Question 5

Concentration

Answer 5

Amount of solute per unit volume

Question 6

Yield

Answer 6

A measure of the extent of a reaction, generally measured by comparing the amount of product against the amount of product that is possible

Question 7

Intramolecular bonds

Answer 7

Bond occurring between atoms within molecules

Question 8

Covalent bond

Answer 8

Sharing of at least 1 pair of electrons by two non-metals

Question 9

Non-polar covalent

Answer 9

Equal sharing of electrons

Question 10

Polar covalent

Answer 10

Unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole forming

Question 11

Electronegativity

Answer 11

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

Question 12

Ionic bond

Answer 12

Transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction

Question 13

Metallic bonding

Answer 13

Between a positive kernel and a sea of delocalized electrons

Question 14

Intermolecular force

Answer 14

Force of attraction between molecules, ions, or atoms of noble gases

Question 15

Hydrogen bond

Answer 15

Between polar molecules, in which hydrogen is bonded to a small atom of high electronegativity, with at least one pair of lone electrons

Question 16

Heat of reaction

Answer 16

Net change of chemical potential energy of a system

Question 17

Exothermic reaction

Answer 17

Reactions which transform chemical potential energy into thermal energy

Question 18

Endothermic reaction

Answer 18

Reactions which transform thermal energy into chemical potential energy

Question 19

Activation energy

Answer 19

The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

Question 20

Activated complex

Answer 20

High energy, unstable, temporary transition state between the reactants and the products

Question 21

Reaction rate

Answer 21

Change in concentration per unit time of either a reactant or a product

Question 22

Catalyst

Answer 22

Substance that increases the rate of a reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

Question 23

Closed system

Answer 23

One in which mass is conserved inside the system but energy but enter or leave the system freely

Question 24

Open system

Answer 24

One in which both energy and matter can be exchanged between the system and surroundings

Question 25

Dynamic Chemical equilibrium

Answer 25

Referring to a reversible reaction in which the forward and the reverse reactions are taking place at the same rate, and hence the concentrations of reactants and products are constant

Question 26

Le Châtelier’s Principle

Answer 26

When an external stress (change in temp, pressure, concentration) is applied to a system in dynamic chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium point will change in such a way as to counteract the stress

Question 27

Acid

Answer 27

Proton donor

Question 28

Base

Answer 28

Proton acceptor

Question 29

Ionization

Answer 29

The reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions

Question 30

Strong acid

Answer 30

An acid that ionizes completely in an aqueous solution

Question 31

Weak acid

Answer 31

An acid that only ionizes partially in an aqueous solution

Question 32

Dissociation

Answer 32

The splitting of an ionic compound into its ions

Question 33

Strong base

Answer 33

A base that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution

Question 34

Weak base

Answer 34

A base that only dissociates/ionizes partially in an aqueous solution

Question 35

Concentrated acid/base

Answer 35

More moles of acid/base per unit volume

Question 36

Dilute acid/base

Answer 36

Less amount of moles of acid/base per unit volume

Question 37

Amphoteric substance

Answer 37

A substance that can act as either an acid or a base

Question 38

Salt

Answer 38

Substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation

Question 39

Hydrolysis of a salt

Answer 39

A reaction of an ion (from a salt) with water

Question 40

Neutralization (equivalence point)

Answer 40

The point where an acid and a base have reacted so neither is an excess

Question 41

Standard solution

Answer 41

Solution of known concentration

Question 42

Redox reaction

Answer 42

A reaction involving the transfer of electrons

Question 43

Oxidation

Answer 43

The loss of electrons

Question 44

Reduction

Answer 44

Gain of electrons

Question 45

Oxidizing agent

Answer 45

A substance that accepts electrons

Question 46

Reducing agent

Answer 46

A substance that donates electrons

Question 47

Anode

Answer 47

Electrode where oxidation takes place

Question 48

Cathode

Answer 48

Electrode where reduction takes place

Question 49

Electrolyte

Answer 49

A substance that can conduct electricity by forming free ions when molten or dissolved in a solution

Question 50

Hydrocarbon

Answer 50

Compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 51

Saturated compound

Answer 51

A compound in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds

Question 52

Unsaturated compound

Answer 52

Compound in which there is at least one double/triple bond between carbon atoms

Question 53

Functional group

Answer 53

An atom or a group of atoms that form the centre for chemical activity in a Molecule

Question 54

Homologous series

Answer 54

A series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula, in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit

Question 55

Structural Isomer

Answer 55

Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formula