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Chemistry > Definitons > Flashcards

Definitons Flashcards

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1
Q

Molar mass

A

Mass in grams of one mole of that substance

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2
Q

Solution

A

Homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent

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3
Q

Solute

A

Substance that is dissolved in the solution

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4
Q

Solvent

A

Substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution

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5
Q

Concentration

A

Amount of solute per unit volume

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6
Q

Yield

A

A measure of the extent of a reaction, generally measured by comparing the amount of product against the amount of product that is possible

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7
Q

Intramolecular bonds

A

Bond occurring between atoms within molecules

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8
Q

Covalent bond

A

Sharing of at least 1 pair of electrons by two non-metals

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9
Q

Non-polar covalent

A

Equal sharing of electrons

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10
Q

Polar covalent

A

Unequal sharing of electrons leading to a dipole forming

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11
Q

Electronegativity

A

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

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12
Q

Ionic bond

A

Transfer of electrons and subsequent electrostatic attraction

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13
Q

Metallic bonding

A

Between a positive kernel and a sea of delocalized electrons

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14
Q

Intermolecular force

A

Force of attraction between molecules, ions, or atoms of noble gases

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15
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Between polar molecules, in which hydrogen is bonded to a small atom of high electronegativity, with at least one pair of lone electrons

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16
Q

Heat of reaction

A

Net change of chemical potential energy of a system

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17
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

Reactions which transform chemical potential energy into thermal energy

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18
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

Reactions which transform thermal energy into chemical potential energy

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19
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

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20
Q

Activated complex

A

High energy, unstable, temporary transition state between the reactants and the products

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21
Q

Reaction rate

A

Change in concentration per unit time of either a reactant or a product

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22
Q

Catalyst

A

Substance that increases the rate of a reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

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23
Q

Closed system

A

One in which mass is conserved inside the system but energy but enter or leave the system freely

24
Q

Open system

A

One in which both energy and matter can be exchanged between the system and surroundings

25
Q

Dynamic Chemical equilibrium

A

Referring to a reversible reaction in which the forward and the reverse reactions are taking place at the same rate, and hence the concentrations of reactants and products are constant

26
Q

Le Châtelier’s Principle

A

When an external stress (change in temp, pressure, concentration) is applied to a system in dynamic chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium point will change in such a way as to counteract the stress

27
Q

Acid

A

Proton donor

28
Q

Base

A

Proton acceptor

29
Q

Ionization

A

The reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions

30
Q

Strong acid

A

An acid that ionizes completely in an aqueous solution

31
Q

Weak acid

A

An acid that only ionizes partially in an aqueous solution

32
Q

Dissociation

A

The splitting of an ionic compound into its ions

33
Q

Strong base

A

A base that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution

34
Q

Weak base

A

A base that only dissociates/ionizes partially in an aqueous solution

35
Q

Concentrated acid/base

A

More moles of acid/base per unit volume

36
Q

Dilute acid/base

A

Less amount of moles of acid/base per unit volume

37
Q

Amphoteric substance

A

A substance that can act as either an acid or a base

38
Q

Salt

A

Substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation

39
Q

Hydrolysis of a salt

A

A reaction of an ion (from a salt) with water

40
Q

Neutralization (equivalence point)

A

The point where an acid and a base have reacted so neither is an excess

41
Q

Standard solution

A

Solution of known concentration

42
Q

Redox reaction

A

A reaction involving the transfer of electrons

43
Q

Oxidation

A

The loss of electrons

44
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons

45
Q

Oxidizing agent

A

A substance that accepts electrons

46
Q

Reducing agent

A

A substance that donates electrons

47
Q

Anode

A

Electrode where oxidation takes place

48
Q

Cathode

A

Electrode where reduction takes place

49
Q

Electrolyte

A

A substance that can conduct electricity by forming free ions when molten or dissolved in a solution

50
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

51
Q

Saturated compound

A

A compound in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds

52
Q

Unsaturated compound

A

Compound in which there is at least one double/triple bond between carbon atoms

53
Q

Functional group

A

An atom or a group of atoms that form the centre for chemical activity in a Molecule

54
Q

Homologous series

A

A series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and have the same general formula, in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit

55
Q

Structural Isomer

A

Compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Chemistry (8 decks)

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