Definitions - Unit 2 Flashcards
Motivation
Motivation is the reason why employees want to work
hard and work effectively for the business
Wage
Wage is a payment for work, usually paid weekly
Time rate
Time rate is the amount paid to an employee for one
hour of work
Piece rate
Piece rate is an amount paid for each unit of output
Salary
Salary is payment for work, usually paid monthly.
Bonus
Bonus is an additional amount of payment above
basic pay as a reward for good work
Commision
Commission is payment relating to the number of
sales made
Profit sharing
Profit sharing is a system whereby a proportion of the
company’s profits are paid out to employees
Job satisfaction
Job satisfaction is the enjoyment derived from feeling
that you have done a good job
Job rotation
Job rotation involves workers swapping around and
doing each specific task for only a limited time and
then changing around again
Job enrichment
Job enrichment involves looking at jobs and adding
tasks that require more and/or responsibility
Team working
Team-working involves using groups of workers and
allocating specific tasks and responsibilities to them
Training
Training is the process of improving a worker’s skills
Promotion
Promotion is the advancement of an employee in an
organisation, for example, to a higher job/managerial
level
Organisational structure
Organisational structure refers to the levels of
management and division of responsibilities within an
organisation
Organisational chart
Organisational chart refers to a diagram that outlines
the internal management structure
Hierarchy
Hierarchy refers to the levels of management in any
organisation, from the highest to the lowest.
Level of hierarchy
A level of hierarchy refers to
managers/supervisors/other employees who are
given a similar level of responsibility in an
organisation
Chain of command
Chain of command is the structure in an organisation
which allows instructions to be passed down from
senior management to lower levels of management
Span of control
The span of control is the number of subordinates
working directly under a manger
Director
Directors are senior managers who lead a particular
department or a division of a business
Line manager
Line managers have direct responsibility for people
below them in the hierarchy of an organisation
Supervisors
Supervisors are junior managers who have direct
control over the employees below them in the organisational structure
Staff managers
Staff managers are specialists who provide support,
information and assistance to line managers.
Delegation
Delegation means giving a subordinate the authority
to perform particular tasks
Leadership styles
Leadership styles are the different approaches to
dealing with people and making decisions when in
apposition of authority - autocratic, democratic and
laissez-faire
Autocratic leadership
Autocratic leadership is where the manager expects
to be in charge of the business and to have their
orders followed
Democratic leadership
Democratic leadership gets other employees involved
in the decision-making process
Laissez faire leadership
Laissez-faire leadership makes the broad objectives of
the business known to employees, but then they are
left to make their own decisions and organise their
own work
Recruitment
Recruitment is the process from identifying that the
business needs to employ someone up to the point at
which applications have arrived at the business
Job analysis
Job analysis identifies and records the responsibilities
and tasks relating to a job
Job description
Job description outlines the responsibilities and duties
to be carried out by someone employed to do a
specific job
Job specification
Job specification is a document which outlines the
requirements, qualifications, expertise, physical
characteristics, etc., for a specified job
Internal recruitment
Internal recruitment is when a vacancy is filled by
someone who is an existing employee of the business
External recruitment
External recruitment is when a vacancy is filled by
someone who is not an existing employee and will be
new to the business
Induction training
induction training is an introduction given to a new
employee, explaining the business’s activities,
customs and procedures and introducing them to
their fellow workers
On-the-job training
On-the-job training occurs by watching a more
experienced worker doing the job
Off-the job training
Off-the-job training involves being trained away from
the workplace, usually by specialist trainers.
Workforce planning
Workforce planning is establishing the workforce
needed by the business for the foreseeable future in
terms of the number and skills of employees required
Dismissal
Dismissal is when employment is ended against the
will of the employee, usually for not working
according to the employment contract
Redundancy
Redundancy is when the employee is no longer
needed and so loses their job. It is not due to any
aspect of their work being unsatisfactory
Contract of employment
A contract of employment is a legal agreement
between an employer and an employee, listing the
rights and responsibilities of workers
Communication
Communication is the transferring of a message from
the sender to the receiver, who understands the
message
Message
A message is the information or instructions being
passed by the sender to the receiver
Internal communication
Internal communication is communication between
members of the same organisation
External communication
External communication is communication between
the organisation and other organisations or
individuals
Sender/transmitter
The transmitter or sender of the message is the
person starting off the process by sending the
message
Medium of communication
The medium of communication is the method used to
send a message, for example, a letter is a method of
written communication and a meeting is a method of
verbal communication
Receiver
The receiver is the person who receives the message
Feedback
Feedback is the reply from the receiver which shows
whether the message has arrived, been understood
and, if necessary, acted upon
One way communication
One-way communication involves a message which
does not call for or require a response
Two way communication
Two-way communication is when the receiver gives a
response to the message and there is a discussion
about it
Communication barriers
Communication barriers are factors that stop effective
communication of messages
Formal communication
Formal communication is when messages are sent
through established channels using professional
language
Informal communication
Informal communication is when information is sent
and received casually using everyday language
