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Solid Mechanics 2 > Definitions & Terms > Flashcards

Definitions & Terms Flashcards

1
Q

statically intedeterminate

A

– over-stiff

– too many unknowns to find a solutions

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2
Q

statically determinate

A

– just stiff

– you have the same number of equilibrium equations as unknown forces

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3
Q

mechanism

A

–more equilibrium equations than unknowns

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4
Q

ties

A

tension only structures

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5
Q

truss

A

– tie when tension–only

–strut when compression only

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6
Q

formula for pin jointed structures

A

number of members (ties/struts) + number of reactions(depends on the supports at the bottom) ~ 2 x number of joints (pins, rollers, etc. at bottom)

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7
Q

statically determinate

A

nm + nr = 2nj

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8
Q

statically indeterminate

A

nm + nr > 2nj

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9
Q

mechanism

A

nm + nr

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10
Q

beam

A

laterally loaded structural member where the cross sectional area is significantly less than its length

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11
Q

Young’s Modulus

A

– a measure of elasticity, equal to the ratio of the stress acting on a substance to the strain produced.

– represents the straight line portion of a stress strain diagram

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12
Q

Tangent Modulus

A

– general term defined as the local gradient of the stress-strain curve

–same as Young’s Modulus in the linear elastic region

–unique at other points

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13
Q

elastic modulus

A

–same as Young’s Modulus

– shear and tensile Young’s moduli

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14
Q

elastic behaviour

A

–deformation that is fully recoverable when stress is removed

– if behaviour is Hookean, then elastic response is linear

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15
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

– extension is directly proportional to the load applied

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16
Q

material yield

A

– material yields and maintains structural integrity (no failure) but it does not recover to the initial state on unloading

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17
Q

tensile strength

A

– maximum stress a material withstands before failing is its ultimate tensile strength

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18
Q

is stress x strain work?

A

yes! internal work done!

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19
Q

hysteresis loop

A

– strain energy dissipated as heat to deform the body beyond the elastic limit in tension and compression

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20
Q

strain hardening

A

– change of yield point after plastic deformation

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21
Q

toughness

A

– large area under stress strain curve

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22
Q

brittle materials

A

– small region under stress strain curve

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23
Q

ducility

A

– ability of a metal to be stretched into a wire

– measure of toughness

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24
Q

small strain

A

– bulk and shear modulus

– poisson’s ratio

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25
Q

large strain

A

–yield stress

–tensile strength

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26
Q

isotropy

A

– properties of material are independent of direction or orientation

27
Q

homogeneity

A

properties do not vary from location to location in material

28
Q

incompressibility

A

– constant density (no volume changes)

29
Q

creep

A

– keep the applied stress constant

– strain of the material changes (goes up and curves over and down)

30
Q

stress relaxation

A

–keep strain constant

–stress needed to keep the material at that strain value lowers

31
Q

hardness

A

– resistantce to point loading (indentation damage)

32
Q

normal stress formula

A

stress = force/area

33
Q

normal strain formula

A

strain = change in length/length

34
Q

rigidity

A

– Relative stiffness of a material that allows it to resist bending

35
Q

ashby chart

A

– young’s modulus vs density

36
Q

hydrostatic stress

A

– stress is equal in all directions

37
Q

shear modulus symbol and alternate name?

A

–modulus of rigidity (G)

38
Q

bulk modulus symbol?

A

K

39
Q

poisson’s ratio

A

–normal stress results in normal and lateral strains
–within the elastic limit the ratios of these are:

v = -(lateral strain)/(normal stress)

40
Q

anisotropic

A

–21 independent elastic constants

–different behaviour in all orientations and directions

41
Q

orthotropic

A

– 9 independent elastic constants

–material symmetry in three mutually perpendicular planes

42
Q

transversely isotropic

A

– 5 independent elastic constants

–material symmetry in one plane

43
Q

isotropic

A

– 2 independent elastic constants

– same behaviour in all orientations and directions

44
Q

plane stress

A

stress whereby one normal stress and associated shear stresses are 0

45
Q

plane strain

A

strain whereby one normal strain and associated shear strains are assumed to be zero

46
Q

Tresca Failure Theory

A

– used to predict yielding and is applicable to ductile materials
–max shear stress in a material reaches a value of max shear stress that would be observed when yielding occurs
–hexagon
– static loading

47
Q

von Mieses Failure Theory

A

– used to predict yielding and is applicable for ductile materials
–occurs when the root mean square of the difference between the principal stresses is equal to the yield of the material established by a simple tension test
–ellipse
–static loading

48
Q

Rankine’s failure theory

A

– used for brittle materials

–static loading

49
Q

safety factor

A

SF = ultimate stress/permitted stress

–safety factor of a hip implant is 1
–safety factor of a car is 3

50
Q

static strength

A

ability to resist a short term steady load at normal room temperature

51
Q

fatigue strength

A

ability to resist a fluctuating/time variable load

52
Q

creep strength

A

ability to resist a load at temperatures high enough for the load to produce a progressive change in dimensions over an extended period of time

53
Q

toughness

A

resistance to brittle fracture

54
Q

brittle fracture

A

fast, low-energy, occurs at a stress level below that required to produce yielding across the whole cross-section

55
Q

tough fracture

A

slow, high-energy, occurs at a stress level equal to that required to produce yielding across the whole cross section

56
Q

stiffness

A

ability of a structure to maintain its shape when loaded

57
Q

fatigue strength

A

the amplitude (or range) of cyclic stress that can be applied to the material without causing fatigue failure.

58
Q

endurance/fatigue limit

A

same as fatigue strength

59
Q

assumptions for a uniformly loaded thin shell

A

–thin (diameter less than thickness)
–uniform pressure loading
–no resistance in bending

60
Q

pure bending

A

constant bending moment along the length

61
Q

stable equilibrium

A

– a small disturbance is applied, the mechanical system has the tendency to restore its initial position

restoring moment>displacing moment

62
Q

unstable equilibrium

A

– small disturbance is applied the mechanical system has the tendency to move/accelerate towards the same direction as the disturbance

restoring moment

63
Q

critical condition

A

restoring moment ≠ displacing moment

the load is the critical load

Solid Mechanics 2 (1 decks)

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